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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="da">
	<!--#include virtual="/shtml/head.shtml"-->
	<title>Latin<!--#include virtual="/shtml/titleSuffix.shtml"--></title>
	<body>
		<!--#include virtual="/shtml/logotype.shtml"-->
		<div class="content">
			<!--#include virtual="/shtml/navigationBar.shtml"-->
			<div class="page">
				<p class="heading">Latin</p>
				<div class="section" id="roman-numerals">
					<p class="heading">Grammatik</p>
					<table>
						<tr>
							<th>Sætningsled</th>
							<th>Tegn</th>
						</tr>
						<tr>
							<td>Subjekt</td>
							<td>&times;</td>
						</tr>
						<tr>
							<td>Subjektsprædikat</td>
							<td>&otimes;</td>
						</tr>
						<tr>
							<td>Direkte objekt</td>
							<td>&#9651;</td>
						</tr>
						<tr>
							<td>Indirekte objekt</td>
							<td>&#9633;</td>
						</tr>
						<tr>
							<td>Verballed</td>
							<td>&#9675;</td>
						</tr>
						<tr>
							<td>Adverbialled</td>
							<td>&#65103;</td>
						</tr>
					</table>
					<p>I modsætning til sprog som dansk, fransk og tysk, så har latin ikke nogen formele regler for rækkefølgen af de forskellige sætningsled. Til gengæld, så har sproget i stedet et system af <span class="emphasis">kasus</span> (fald), hvori sætningens substantiver, pronominer og adjektiver bøjes ud fra deres sætningsled (se <a href="#declension">deklination</a>).</p>
				</div>
				<div class="section" id="roman-numerals">
					<p class="heading">Romertal</p>
					<p>Romertal er den primære måde at udtrykke tal i latin, samt andre europæiske sprog op til skiftet til arabertal. Romertal bruger tegn fra det latinske alfabet til at udtrykke værdier. Det bruger ikke cifre (i modsætning til arabertal).</p>
					<table>
						<thead>
							<tr>
								<th>Tegn</th>
								<th>Værdi</th>
							</tr>
						</thead>
						<tbod>
							<tr>
								<td>N<span class="footnote"> &dagger;</span></td>
								<td class="rightAlign">0</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>I</td>
								<td class="rightAlign">1</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>V</td>
								<td class="rightAlign">5</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>X</td>
								<td class="rightAlign">10</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>L</td>
								<td class="rightAlign">50</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>C</td>
								<td class="rightAlign">100</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>D</td>
								<td class="rightAlign">500</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>M</td>
								<td class="rightAlign">1000</td>
							</tr>
						</tbod>
					</table>
					<p class="footnote">&dagger; Per konventien, fra ordet "nulla".</p>
					<p>For at udtrykke talværdier uden et tilsvarende tegn, så opstiller man dem som en kombination af tegn. Skriver man et mindre tegn (lige) før et større, så trækkes det mindre fra det større. Står det største først, så lægges de sammen.</p>
					<p>For eksempel, så bliver fire (4) til IV (5&minus;1), og seks (6) bliver til VI (5+1). I nogle traditioner bruger man ikke subtration, og i således en ville fire blive til IIII (1+1+1+1).</p>
				</div>
				<div class="section" id="conjugation">
					<p class="heading">Konjugation</p>
					<table>
						<thead>
							<tr class="small">
								<th></th>
								<th colspan="4">Indicativus</th>
							</tr>
							<tr class="small">
								<th></th>
								<th colspan="2">Āctīvus</th>
								<th colspan="2">Passīvum</th>
							</tr>
							<tr class="small">
								<th></th>
								<th>Singulāris</th>
								<th>Plūrālis</th>
								<th>Singulāris</th>
								<th>Plūrālis</th>
							</tr>
						</thead>
						<tbody>
							<tr class="small">
								<th></th>
								<th colspan="4">Praesens</th>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<th>Prīmus</th>
								<td>am<del>ā</del>&thinsp;<b>ō</b></td>
								<td>amā&thinsp;<b>mus</b></td>
								<td>am<del>ā</del>&thinsp;<b>or</b></td>
								<td>amā&thinsp;<b>mur</b></td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<th>Alius</th>
								<td>amā&thinsp;<b>s</b></td>
								<td>amā&thinsp;<b>tis</b></td>
								<td>amā&thinsp;<b>ris</b></td>
								<td>amā&thinsp;<b>minī</b></td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<th>Tertius</th>
								<td>amā&thinsp;<b>t</b></td>
								<td>ama&thinsp;<b>nt</b></td>
								<td>amā&thinsp;<b>tur</b></td>
								<td>ama&thinsp;<b>ntur</b></td>
							</tr>
							<tr class="small">
								<th></th>
								<th colspan="4">Praeteritum</th>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<th>Prīmus</th>
								<td>amā&thinsp;<b>bam</b></td>
								<td>amā&thinsp;<b>bāmus</b></td>
								<td>amā&thinsp;<b>bar</b></td>
								<td>amā&thinsp;<b>bāmur</b></td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<th>Alius</th>
								<td>amā&thinsp;<b>bās</b></td>
								<td>amā&thinsp;<b>bātis</b></td>
								<td>amā&thinsp;<b>bāris</b></td>
								<td>amā&thinsp;<b>bāminī</b></td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<th>Tertius</th>
								<td>amā&thinsp;<b>bat</b></td>
								<td>amā&thinsp;<b>bant</b></td>
								<td>amā&thinsp;<b>bātur</b></td>
								<td>amā&thinsp;<b>bantur</b></td>
							</tr>
							<tr class="small">
								<th></th>
								<th colspan="4">Futūrum</th>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<th>Prīmus</th>
								<td>amā&thinsp;<b>bō</b></td>
								<td>amā&thinsp;<b>imus</b></td>
								<td>amā&thinsp;<b>bor</b></td>
								<td>amā&thinsp;<b>bimur</b></td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<th>Alius</th>
								<td>amā&thinsp;<b>bis</b></td>
								<td>amā&thinsp;<b>bitis</b></td>
								<td>amā&thinsp;<b>beris</b></td>
								<td>amā&thinsp;<b>biminī</b></td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<th>Tertius</th>
								<td>amā&thinsp;<b>bit</b></td>
								<td>amā&thinsp;<b>bunt</b></td>
								<td>amā&thinsp;<b>bitur</b></td>
								<td>amā&thinsp;<b>buntur</b></td>
							</tr>
						</tbody>
					</table>
					<table>
						<thead>
							<tr class="small">
								<th colspan="2">Imperandī</th>
							</tr>
							<tr class="small">
								<th colspan="2">Āctīvus</th>
							</tr>
							<tr class="small">
								<th>Singulāris</th>
								<th>Plūrālis</th>
							</tr>
						</thead>
						<tbody>
							<tr class="small">
								<th colspan="2">Praesens</th>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>amā</td>
								<td>amā&thinsp;<b>te</b></td>
							</tr>
							<tr class="small">
								<th colspan="2">Futurum</th>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>amā&thinsp;<b>tō</b></td>
								<td>amā&thinsp;<b>tōte</b></td>
							</tr>
						</tbody>
					</table>
				</div>
				<div class="section" id="declension">
					<p class="heading">Deklination</p>
					<table>
						<tr>
							<th>Kasus</th>
							<th>Sætningsled</th>
						</tr>
						<tr>
							<td>Nominativ (nævnefald)</td>
							<td>Subjekt</td>
						</tr>
						<tr>
							<td>Vokativ</td>
						</tr>
						<tr>
							<td>Akkusativ (genstandsfald)</td>
							<td>Direkte objekt (el. adverbialled ved præp.)</td>
						</tr>
						<tr>
							<td>Genitiv (ejefald)</td>
						</tr>
						<tr>
							<td>Dativ (hensynsfald)</td>
							<td>Indirekte objekt</td>
						</tr>
						<tr>
							<td>Ablativ</td>
							<td>Adverbialled</td>
						</tr>
					</table>
					<table>
						<thead>
							<tr class="small">
								<th></th>
								<th>f1</th>
								<th>m2</th>
								<th>n2</th>
								<th>mf3</th>
							</tr>
						</thead>
						<tbody>
							<tr class="small">
								<th></th>
								<th colspan="4">Singulāris</th>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<th>Nōminātīvus</th>
								<td>regin&thinsp;<b>a</b></td>
								<td>serv&thinsp;<b>us</b></td>
								<td>castell&thinsp;<b>um</b></td>
								<td>rex</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<th>Vocātīvus</th>
								<td>regin&thinsp;<b>a</b></td>
								<td>serv&thinsp;<b>e</b></td>
								<td>castell&thinsp;<b>um</b></td>
								<td>rex</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<th>Accūsātīvus</th>
								<td>regin&thinsp;<b>am</b></td>
								<td>serv&thinsp;<b>um</b></td>
								<td>castell&thinsp;<b>um</b></td>
								<td>rex&thinsp;<b>em</b></td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<th>Genetīvus</th>
								<td>regin&thinsp;<b>ae</b></td>
								<td>serv&thinsp;<b>ī</b></td>
								<td>castell&thinsp;<b>ī</b></td>
								<td>rex&thinsp;<b>is</b></td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<th>Datīvus</th>
								<td>regin&thinsp;<b>ae</b></td>
								<td>serv&thinsp;<b>ō</b></td>
								<td>castell&thinsp;<b>ō</b></td>
								<td>rex&thinsp;<b>ī</b></td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<th>Ablātīvus</th>
								<td>regin&thinsp;<b>ā</b></td>
								<td>serv&thinsp;<b>ō</b></td>
								<td>castell&thinsp;<b>ō</b></td>
								<td>rex&thinsp;<b>e</b></td>
							</tr>
							<tr class="small">
								<th></th>
								<th colspan="4">Plūrālis</th>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<th>Nōminātīvus</th>
								<td>regin&thinsp;<b>ae</b></td>
								<td>serv&thinsp;<b>ī</b></td>
								<td>castell&thinsp;<b>a</b></td>
								<td>rex&thinsp;<b>ēs</b></td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<th>Vocātīvus</th>
								<td>regin&thinsp;<b>ae</b></td>
								<td>serv&thinsp;<b>ī</b></td>
								<td>castell&thinsp;<b>a</b></td>
								<td>rex&thinsp;<b>ēs</b></td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<th>Accūsātīvus</th>
								<td>regin&thinsp;<b>ās</b></td>
								<td>serv&thinsp;<b>ōs</b></td>
								<td>castell&thinsp;<b>a</b></td>
								<td>rex&thinsp;<b>ēs</b></td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<th>Genetīvus</th>
								<td>regin&thinsp;<b>ārum</b></td>
								<td>serv&thinsp;<b>ōrum</b></td>
								<td>castell&thinsp;<b>ōrum</b></td>
								<td>rex&thinsp;<b>um</b></td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<th>Datīvus</th>
								<td>regin&thinsp;<b>īs</b></td>
								<td>serv&thinsp;<b>īs</b></td>
								<td>castell&thinsp;<b>īs</b></td>
								<td>rex&thinsp;<b>ibus</b></td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<th>Ablātīvus</th>
								<td>regin&thinsp;<b>īs</b></td>
								<td>serv&thinsp;<b>īs</b></td>
								<td>castell&thinsp;<b>īs</b></td>
								<td>rex&thinsp;<b>ibus</b></td>
							</tr>
						</tbody>
					</table>
					<p>Nogle substantiver (f.eks. <span class="emphasis">vīrus</span>) er uregelmæssige i henhold til de tidligere regler. Følgende er et skema over disse (endelser i kursiv er uregelmæssige):</p>
					<table>
						<thead>
							<tr class="small">
								<th></th>
								<th colspan="2">Singulāris</th>
							</tr>
						</thead>
						<tbody>
							<tr>
								<th>Nōminātīvus</th>
								<td>de&thinsp;<b>us</b></td>
								<td>vīr&thinsp;<b>us</b></td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<th>Vocātīvus</th>
								<td>de&thinsp;<b><i>us</i></b></td>
								<td>vīr&thinsp;<b><i>us</i></b></td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<th>Accūsātīvus</th>
								<td>de&thinsp;<b>um</b></td>
								<td>vīr&thinsp;<b><i>us</i></b></td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<th>Genetīvus</th>
								<td>de&thinsp;<b>ī</b></td>
								<td>vīr&thinsp;<b>ī</b></td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<th>Datīvus</th>
								<td>de&thinsp;<b>ō</b></td>
								<td>vīr&thinsp;<b>ō</b></td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<th>Ablātīvus</th>
								<td>de&thinsp;<b>ō</b></td>
								<td>vīr&thinsp;<b>ō</b></td>
							</tr>
							<tr class="small">
								<th></th>
								<th colspan="2">Plūrālis</th>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<th>Nōminātīvus</th>
								<td>de&thinsp;<b>ī</b></td>
								<td>vīr&thinsp;<b>a</b></td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<th>Vocātīvus</th>
								<td>de&thinsp;<b>ī</b></td>
								<td>vīr&thinsp;<b>a</b></td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<th>Accūsātīvus</th>
								<td>de&thinsp;<b>ōs</b></td>
								<td>vīr&thinsp;<b>a</b></td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<th>Genetīvus</th>
								<td>de&thinsp;<b>ōrum</b></td>
								<td>vīr&thinsp;<b>ōrum</b></td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<th>Datīvus</th>
								<td>de&thinsp;<b>īs</b></td>
								<td>vīr&thinsp;<b>īs</b></td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<th>Ablātīvus</th>
								<td>de&thinsp;<b>īs</b></td>
								<td>vīr&thinsp;<b>īs</b></td>
							</tr>
						</tbody>
					</table>
				</div>
				<div class="section" id="glossary">
					<p class="heading">Gloseliste</p>
					<p class="vocable">aedificō vb. jeg bygger, jeg opfører </p>
					<p class="vocable">amō vb. jeg elsker, jeg holder af </p>
					<p class="vocable">arx sb. f3 borg, fort, fæstning </p>
					<p class="vocable">castellum sb. n2 borg, palads </p>
					<p class="vocable">contra (akk) præp. imod, mod </p>
					<p class="vocable">creō vb. jeg skaber </p>
					<p class="vocable">dominus sb. m2 herre (religion), hersker, kejser </p>
					<p class="vocable">egō pron. jeg </p>
					<p class="vocable">ex (abl) præp. fra </p>
					<p class="vocable">habeō vb. jeg har </p>
					<p class="vocable">hic adj. denne/dette </p>
					<p class="vocable">hic pron. denne/dette </p>
					<p class="vocable">in (abl/akk) præp. i/på (abl, som mål med akk) </p>
					<p class="vocable">magnus adj. stor, storartet </p>
					<p class="vocable">rēgīna sb. f1 dronning </p>
					<p class="vocable">rēx sb. m3 konge </p>
					<p class="vocable">sum vb. jeg er </p>
				</div>
			</div>
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