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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="da">
	<!--#include virtual="/shtml/head.shtml"-->
	<title>Latin<!--#include virtual="/shtml/titleSuffix.shtml"--></title>
	<body>
		<!--#include virtual="/shtml/logotype.shtml"-->
		<div class="content">
			<!--#include virtual="/shtml/navigationBar.shtml"-->
			<div class="page">
				<p class="pageHeading">Latin</p>
				<div class="section" id="roman-numerals">
					<p class="sectionHeading">Grammatik</p>
					<table>
						<tr>
							<th>Sætningsled</th>
							<th>Tegn</th>
						</tr>
						<tr>
							<td>Subjekt</td>
							<td>&times;</td>
						</tr>
						<tr>
							<td>Subjektsprædikat</td>
							<td>&otimes;</td>
						</tr>
						<tr>
							<td>Direkte objekt</td>
							<td>&#9651;</td>
						</tr>
						<tr>
							<td>Indirekte objekt</td>
							<td>&#9633;</td>
						</tr>
						<tr>
							<td>Verballed</td>
							<td>&#9675;</td>
						</tr>
						<tr>
							<td>Adverbialled</td>
							<td>&#65103;</td>
						</tr>
					</table>
					<p>I modsætning til sprog som dansk, fransk og tysk, så har latin ikke nogen formele regler for rækkefølgen af de forskellige sætningsled. Til gengæld, så har sproget i stedet et system af <span class="emphasis">kasus</span> (fald), hvori sætningens substantiver, pronominer og adjektiver bøjes ud fra deres sætningsled (se <a href="#declension">deklination</a>).</p>
				</div>
				<div class="section" id="roman-numerals">
					<p class="sectionHeading">Romertal</p>
					<p>Romertal er den primære måde at udtrykke tal i latin, samt andre europæiske sprog op til skiftet til arabertal. Romertal bruger tegn fra det latinske alfabet til at udtrykke værdier. Det bruger ikke cifre (i modsætning til arabertal).</p>
					<table>
						<thead>
							<tr>
								<th>Tegn</th>
								<th>Værdi</th>
							</tr>
						</thead>
						<tbod>
							<tr>
								<td>N<span class="footnote"> &dagger;</span></td>
								<td class="rightAlign">0</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>I</td>
								<td class="rightAlign">1</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>V</td>
								<td class="rightAlign">5</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>X</td>
								<td class="rightAlign">10</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>L</td>
								<td class="rightAlign">50</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>C</td>
								<td class="rightAlign">100</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>D</td>
								<td class="rightAlign">500</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>M</td>
								<td class="rightAlign">1000</td>
							</tr>
						</tbod>
					</table>
					<p class="footnote">&dagger; Per konventien, fra ordet "nulla".</p>
					<p>For at udtrykke talværdier uden et tilsvarende tegn, så opstiller man dem som en kombination af tegn. Skriver man et mindre tegn (lige) før et større, så trækkes det mindre fra det større. Står det største først, så lægges de sammen.</p>
					<br />
					<p>For eksempel, så bliver fire (4) til IV (5&minus;1), og seks (6) bliver til VI (5+1). I nogle traditioner bruger man ikke subtration, og i således en ville fire blive til IIII (1+1+1+1).</p>
				</div>
				<div class="section" id="conjugation">
					<p class="sectionHeading">Konjugation</p>
					<table>
						<thead>
							<tr class="small">
								<th></th>
								<th colspan="4">Indicativus</th>
							</tr>
							<tr class="small">
								<th></th>
								<th colspan="2">Āctīvus</th>
								<th colspan="2">Passīvum</th>
							</tr>
							<tr class="small">
								<th></th>
								<th>Singulāris</th>
								<th>Plūrālis</th>
								<th>Singulāris</th>
								<th>Plūrālis</th>
							</tr>
						</thead>
						<tbody>
							<tr class="small">
								<th></th>
								<th colspan="4">Praesens</th>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<th>Prīmus</th>
								<td>am<del>ā</del>&thinsp;<b>ō</b></td>
								<td>amā&thinsp;<b>mus</b></td>
								<td>am<del>ā</del>&thinsp;<b>or</b></td>
								<td>amā&thinsp;<b>mur</b></td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<th>Alius</th>
								<td>amā&thinsp;<b>s</b></td>
								<td>amā&thinsp;<b>tis</b></td>
								<td>amā&thinsp;<b>ris</b></td>
								<td>amā&thinsp;<b>minī</b></td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<th>Tertius</th>
								<td>amā&thinsp;<b>t</b></td>
								<td>ama&thinsp;<b>nt</b></td>
								<td>amā&thinsp;<b>tur</b></td>
								<td>ama&thinsp;<b>ntur</b></td>
							</tr>
							<tr class="small">
								<th></th>
								<th colspan="4">Praeteritum</th>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<th>Prīmus</th>
								<td>amā&thinsp;<b>bam</b></td>
								<td>amā&thinsp;<b>bāmus</b></td>
								<td>amā&thinsp;<b>bar</b></td>
								<td>amā&thinsp;<b>bāmur</b></td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<th>Alius</th>
								<td>amā&thinsp;<b>bās</b></td>
								<td>amā&thinsp;<b>bātis</b></td>
								<td>amā&thinsp;<b>bāris</b></td>
								<td>amā&thinsp;<b>bāminī</b></td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<th>Tertius</th>
								<td>amā&thinsp;<b>bat</b></td>
								<td>amā&thinsp;<b>bant</b></td>
								<td>amā&thinsp;<b>bātur</b></td>
								<td>amā&thinsp;<b>bantur</b></td>
							</tr>
							<tr class="small">
								<th></th>
								<th colspan="4">Futūrum</th>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<th>Prīmus</th>
								<td>amā&thinsp;<b>bō</b></td>
								<td>amā&thinsp;<b>imus</b></td>
								<td>amā&thinsp;<b>bor</b></td>
								<td>amā&thinsp;<b>bimur</b></td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<th>Alius</th>
								<td>amā&thinsp;<b>bis</b></td>
								<td>amā&thinsp;<b>bitis</b></td>
								<td>amā&thinsp;<b>beris</b></td>
								<td>amā&thinsp;<b>biminī</b></td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<th>Tertius</th>
								<td>amā&thinsp;<b>bit</b></td>
								<td>amā&thinsp;<b>bunt</b></td>
								<td>amā&thinsp;<b>bitur</b></td>
								<td>amā&thinsp;<b>buntur</b></td>
							</tr>
						</tbody>
					</table>
					<table>
						<thead>
							<tr class="small">
								<th colspan="2">Imperandī</th>
							</tr>
							<tr class="small">
								<th colspan="2">Āctīvus</th>
							</tr>
							<tr class="small">
								<th>Singulāris</th>
								<th>Plūrālis</th>
							</tr>
						</thead>
						<tbody>
							<tr class="small">
								<th colspan="2">Praesens</th>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>amā</td>
								<td>amā&thinsp;<b>te</b></td>
							</tr>
							<tr class="small">
								<th colspan="2">Futurum</th>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>amā&thinsp;<b>tō</b></td>
								<td>amā&thinsp;<b>tōte</b></td>
							</tr>
						</tbody>
					</table>
				</div>
				<div class="section" id="declension">
					<p class="sectionHeading">Deklination</p>
					<table>
						<tr>
							<th>Kasus</th>
							<th>Sætningsled</th>
						</tr>
						<tr>
							<td>Nominativ (nævnefald)</td>
							<td>Subjekt</td>
						</tr>
						<tr>
							<td>Vokativ</td>
						</tr>
						<tr>
							<td>Akkusativ (genstandsfald)</td>
							<td>Direkte objekt (el. adverbialled ved præp.)</td>
						</tr>
						<tr>
							<td>Genitiv (ejefald)</td>
						</tr>
						<tr>
							<td>Dativ (hensynsfald)</td>
							<td>Indirekte objekt</td>
						</tr>
						<tr>
							<td>Ablativ</td>
							<td>Adverbialled</td>
						</tr>
					</table>
					<table>
						<thead>
							<tr class="small">
								<th></th>
								<th>f1</th>
								<th>m2</th>
								<th>n2</th>
								<th>mf3</th>
							</tr>
						</thead>
						<tbody>
							<tr class="small">
								<th></th>
								<th colspan="4">Singulāris</th>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<th>Nōminātīvus</th>
								<td>regin&thinsp;<b>a</b></td>
								<td>serv&thinsp;<b>us</b></td>
								<td>castell&thinsp;<b>um</b></td>
								<td>rex</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<th>Vocātīvus</th>
								<td>regin&thinsp;<b>a</b></td>
								<td>serv&thinsp;<b>e</b></td>
								<td>castell&thinsp;<b>um</b></td>
								<td>rex</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<th>Accūsātīvus</th>
								<td>regin&thinsp;<b>am</b></td>
								<td>serv&thinsp;<b>um</b></td>
								<td>castell&thinsp;<b>um</b></td>
								<td>rex&thinsp;<b>em</b></td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<th>Genetīvus</th>
								<td>regin&thinsp;<b>ae</b></td>
								<td>serv&thinsp;<b>ī</b></td>
								<td>castell&thinsp;<b>ī</b></td>
								<td>rex&thinsp;<b>is</b></td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<th>Datīvus</th>
								<td>regin&thinsp;<b>ae</b></td>
								<td>serv&thinsp;<b>ō</b></td>
								<td>castell&thinsp;<b>ō</b></td>
								<td>rex&thinsp;<b>ī</b></td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<th>Ablātīvus</th>
								<td>regin&thinsp;<b>ā</b></td>
								<td>serv&thinsp;<b>ō</b></td>
								<td>castell&thinsp;<b>ō</b></td>
								<td>rex&thinsp;<b>e</b></td>
							</tr>
							<tr class="small">
								<th></th>
								<th colspan="4">Plūrālis</th>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<th>Nōminātīvus</th>
								<td>regin&thinsp;<b>ae</b></td>
								<td>serv&thinsp;<b>ī</b></td>
								<td>castell&thinsp;<b>a</b></td>
								<td>rex&thinsp;<b>ēs</b></td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<th>Vocātīvus</th>
								<td>regin&thinsp;<b>ae</b></td>
								<td>serv&thinsp;<b>ī</b></td>
								<td>castell&thinsp;<b>a</b></td>
								<td>rex&thinsp;<b>ēs</b></td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<th>Accūsātīvus</th>
								<td>regin&thinsp;<b>ās</b></td>
								<td>serv&thinsp;<b>ōs</b></td>
								<td>castell&thinsp;<b>a</b></td>
								<td>rex&thinsp;<b>ēs</b></td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<th>Genetīvus</th>
								<td>regin&thinsp;<b>ārum</b></td>
								<td>serv&thinsp;<b>ōrum</b></td>
								<td>castell&thinsp;<b>ōrum</b></td>
								<td>rex&thinsp;<b>um</b></td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<th>Datīvus</th>
								<td>regin&thinsp;<b>īs</b></td>
								<td>serv&thinsp;<b>īs</b></td>
								<td>castell&thinsp;<b>īs</b></td>
								<td>rex&thinsp;<b>ibus</b></td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<th>Ablātīvus</th>
								<td>regin&thinsp;<b>īs</b></td>
								<td>serv&thinsp;<b>īs</b></td>
								<td>castell&thinsp;<b>īs</b></td>
								<td>rex&thinsp;<b>ibus</b></td>
							</tr>
						</tbody>
					</table>
					<p>Nogle substantiver (f.eks. <span class="emphasis">vīrus</span>) er uregelmæssige i henhold til de tidligere regler. Følgende er et skema over disse (endelser i kursiv er uregelmæssige):</p>
					<table>
						<thead>
							<tr class="small">
								<th></th>
								<th colspan="2">Singulāris</th>
							</tr>
						</thead>
						<tbody>
							<tr>
								<th>Nōminātīvus</th>
								<td>de&thinsp;<b>us</b></td>
								<td>vīr&thinsp;<b>us</b></td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<th>Vocātīvus</th>
								<td>de&thinsp;<b><i>us</i></b></td>
								<td>vīr&thinsp;<b><i>us</i></b></td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<th>Accūsātīvus</th>
								<td>de&thinsp;<b>um</b></td>
								<td>vīr&thinsp;<b><i>us</i></b></td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<th>Genetīvus</th>
								<td>de&thinsp;<b>ī</b></td>
								<td>vīr&thinsp;<b>ī</b></td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<th>Datīvus</th>
								<td>de&thinsp;<b>ō</b></td>
								<td>vīr&thinsp;<b>ō</b></td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<th>Ablātīvus</th>
								<td>de&thinsp;<b>ō</b></td>
								<td>vīr&thinsp;<b>ō</b></td>
							</tr>
							<tr class="small">
								<th></th>
								<th colspan="2">Plūrālis</th>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<th>Nōminātīvus</th>
								<td>de&thinsp;<b>ī</b></td>
								<td>vīr&thinsp;<b>a</b></td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<th>Vocātīvus</th>
								<td>de&thinsp;<b>ī</b></td>
								<td>vīr&thinsp;<b>a</b></td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<th>Accūsātīvus</th>
								<td>de&thinsp;<b>ōs</b></td>
								<td>vīr&thinsp;<b>a</b></td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<th>Genetīvus</th>
								<td>de&thinsp;<b>ōrum</b></td>
								<td>vīr&thinsp;<b>ōrum</b></td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<th>Datīvus</th>
								<td>de&thinsp;<b>īs</b></td>
								<td>vīr&thinsp;<b>īs</b></td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<th>Ablātīvus</th>
								<td>de&thinsp;<b>īs</b></td>
								<td>vīr&thinsp;<b>īs</b></td>
							</tr>
						</tbody>
					</table>
				</div>
				<div class="section" id="glossary">
					<p class="sectionHeading">Gloseliste</p>
					<p class="vocable"><span class="vocable">aedificō vb.</span><span class="vocable">jeg bygger, jeg opfører</span></p>
					<p class="vocable"><span class="vocable">amō vb.</span><span class="vocable">jeg elsker, jeg holder af</span></p>
					<p class="vocable"><span class="vocable">arx sb. f3</span><span class="vocable">borg, fort, fæstning</span></p>
					<p class="vocable"><span class="vocable">castellum sb. n2</span><span class="vocable">borg, palads</span></p>
					<p class="vocable"><span class="vocable">contra (akk) præp.</span><span class="vocable">imod, mod</span></p>
					<p class="vocable"><span class="vocable">creō vb.</span><span class="vocable">jeg skaber</span></p>
					<p class="vocable"><span class="vocable">dominus sb. m2</span><span class="vocable">herre (religion), hersker, kejser</span></p>
					<p class="vocable"><span class="vocable">egō pron.</span><span class="vocable">jeg</span></p>
					<p class="vocable"><span class="vocable">ex (abl) præp.</span><span class="vocable">fra</span></p>
					<p class="vocable"><span class="vocable">habeō vb.</span><span class="vocable">jeg har</span></p>
					<p class="vocable"><span class="vocable">hic adj.</span><span class="vocable">denne/dette</span></p>
					<p class="vocable"><span class="vocable">hic pron.</span><span class="vocable">denne/dette</span></p>
					<p class="vocable"><span class="vocable">in (abl/akk) præp.</span><span class="vocable">i/på (abl, som mål med akk)</span></p>
					<p class="vocable"><span class="vocable">magnus adj.</span><span class="vocable">stor, storartet</span></p>
					<p class="vocable"><span class="vocable">rēgīna sb. f1</span><span class="vocable">dronning</span></p>
					<p class="vocable"><span class="vocable">rēx sb. m3</span><span class="vocable">konge</span></p>
					<p class="vocable"><span class="vocable">sum vb.</span><span class="vocable">jeg er</span></p>
				</div>
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