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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="da">
	<!--#include virtual="/shtml/head.shtml"-->
	<title>Latin<!--#include virtual="/shtml/titleSuffix.shtml"--></title>
	<body>
		<!--#include virtual="/shtml/logotype.shtml"-->
		<div class="content">
			<!--#include virtual="/shtml/navigationBar.shtml"-->
			<div class="page">
				<p class="heading">Latin</p>
				<div class="section" id="roman-numerals">
					<p class="heading">Grammatik</p>
					<table>
						<tr>
							<th>Sætningsled</th>
							<th>Tegn</th>
						</tr>
						<tr>
							<td>Subjekt</td>
							<td>&times;</td>
						</tr>
						<tr>
							<td>Subjektsprædikat</td>
							<td>&otimes;</td>
						</tr>
						<tr>
							<td>Direkte objekt</td>
							<td>&#9651;</td>
						</tr>
						<tr>
							<td>Indirekte objekt</td>
							<td>&#9633;</td>
						</tr>
						<tr>
							<td>Verballed</td>
							<td>&#9675;</td>
						</tr>
						<tr>
							<td>Adverbialled</td>
							<td>&#65103;</td>
						</tr>
					</table>
					<p>I modsætning til sprog som dansk, fransk og tysk, så har latin ikke nogen formele regler for rækkefølgen af de forskellige sætningsled. Til gengæld, så har sproget i stedet et system af <span class="emphasis">kasus</span> (fald), hvori sætningens substantiver, pronominer og adjektiver bøjes ud fra deres sætningsled (se <a href="#declension">deklination</a>).</p>
				</div>
				<div class="section" id="roman-numerals">
					<p class="heading">Romertal</p>
					<p>Romertal er den primære måde at udtrykke tal i latin, samt andre europæiske sprog op til skiftet til arabertal. Romertal bruger tegn fra det latinske alfabet til at udtrykke værdier. Det bruger ikke cifre (i modsætning til arabertal).</p>
					<table>
						<thead>
							<tr>
								<th>Tegn</th>
								<th>Værdi</th>
							</tr>
						</thead>
						<tbod>
							<tr>
								<td>N<span class="footnote"> &dagger;</span></td>
								<td class="rightAlign">0</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>I</td>
								<td class="rightAlign">1</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>V</td>
								<td class="rightAlign">5</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>X</td>
								<td class="rightAlign">10</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>L</td>
								<td class="rightAlign">50</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>C</td>
								<td class="rightAlign">100</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>D</td>
								<td class="rightAlign">500</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>M</td>
								<td class="rightAlign">1000</td>
							</tr>
						</tbod>
					</table>
					<p class="footnote">&dagger; Per konventien, fra ordet "nulla".</p>
					<p>For at udtrykke talværdier uden et tilsvarende tegn, så opstiller man dem som en kombination af tegn. Skriver man et mindre tegn (lige) før et større, så trækkes det mindre fra det større. Står det største først, så lægges de sammen.</p>
					<p>For eksempel, så bliver fire (4) til IV (5&minus;1), og seks (6) bliver til VI (5+1). I nogle traditioner bruger man ikke subtration, og i således en ville fire blive til IIII (1+1+1+1).</p>
				</div>
				<div class="section" id="conjugation">
					<p class="heading">Konjugation</p>
					<table>
						<thead>
							<tr class="small">
								<th></th>
								<th colspan="4">Indicativus</th>
							</tr>
							<tr class="small">
								<th></th>
								<th colspan="2">Āctīvus</th>
								<th colspan="2">Passīvum</th>
							</tr>
							<tr class="small">
								<th></th>
								<th>Singulāris</th>
								<th>Plūrālis</th>
								<th>Singulāris</th>
								<th>Plūrālis</th>
							</tr>
						</thead>
						<tbody>
							<tr class="small">
								<th></th>
								<th colspan="4">Praesens</th>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<th>Prīmus</th>
								<td>am<del>ā</del>&thinsp;<b>ō</b></td>
								<td>amā&thinsp;<b>mus</b></td>
								<td>am<del>ā</del>&thinsp;<b>or</b></td>
								<td>amā&thinsp;<b>mur</b></td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<th>Alius</th>
								<td>amā&thinsp;<b>s</b></td>
								<td>amā&thinsp;<b>tis</b></td>
								<td>amā&thinsp;<b>ris</b></td>
								<td>amā&thinsp;<b>minī</b></td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<th>Tertius</th>
								<td>amā&thinsp;<b>t</b></td>
								<td>ama&thinsp;<b>nt</b></td>
								<td>amā&thinsp;<b>tur</b></td>
								<td>ama&thinsp;<b>ntur</b></td>
							</tr>
							<tr class="small">
								<th></th>
								<th colspan="4">Praeteritum</th>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<th>Prīmus</th>
								<td>amā&thinsp;<b>bam</b></td>
								<td>amā&thinsp;<b>bāmus</b></td>
								<td>amā&thinsp;<b>bar</b></td>
								<td>amā&thinsp;<b>bāmur</b></td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<th>Alius</th>
								<td>amā&thinsp;<b>bās</b></td>
								<td>amā&thinsp;<b>bātis</b></td>
								<td>amā&thinsp;<b>bāris</b></td>
								<td>amā&thinsp;<b>bāminī</b></td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<th>Tertius</th>
								<td>amā&thinsp;<b>bat</b></td>
								<td>amā&thinsp;<b>bant</b></td>
								<td>amā&thinsp;<b>bātur</b></td>
								<td>amā&thinsp;<b>bantur</b></td>
							</tr>
							<tr class="small">
								<th></th>
								<th colspan="4">Futūrum</th>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<th>Prīmus</th>
								<td>amā&thinsp;<b>bō</b></td>
								<td>amā&thinsp;<b>imus</b></td>
								<td>amā&thinsp;<b>bor</b></td>
								<td>amā&thinsp;<b>bimur</b></td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<th>Alius</th>
								<td>amā&thinsp;<b>bis</b></td>
								<td>amā&thinsp;<b>bitis</b></td>
								<td>amā&thinsp;<b>beris</b></td>
								<td>amā&thinsp;<b>biminī</b></td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<th>Tertius</th>
								<td>amā&thinsp;<b>bit</b></td>
								<td>amā&thinsp;<b>bunt</b></td>
								<td>amā&thinsp;<b>bitur</b></td>
								<td>amā&thinsp;<b>buntur</b></td>
							</tr>
						</tbody>
					</table>
					<table>
						<thead>
							<tr class="small">
								<th colspan="2">Imperandī</th>
							</tr>
							<tr class="small">
								<th colspan="2">Āctīvus</th>
							</tr>
							<tr class="small">
								<th>Singulāris</th>
								<th>Plūrālis</th>
							</tr>
						</thead>
						<tbody>
							<tr class="small">
								<th colspan="2">Praesens</th>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>amā</td>
								<td>amā&thinsp;<b>te</b></td>
							</tr>
							<tr class="small">
								<th colspan="2">Futurum</th>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>amā&thinsp;<b>tō</b></td>
								<td>amā&thinsp;<b>tōte</b></td>
							</tr>
						</tbody>
					</table>
				</div>
				<div class="section" id="declension">
					<p class="heading">Deklination</p>
					<table>
						<tr>
							<th>Kasus</th>
							<th>Sætningsled</th>
						</tr>
						<tr>
							<td>Nominativ (nævnefald)</td>
							<td>Subjekt</td>
						</tr>
						<tr>
							<td>Vokativ</td>
						</tr>
						<tr>
							<td>Akkusativ (genstandsfald)</td>
							<td>Direkte objekt (el. adverbialled ved præp.)</td>
						</tr>
						<tr>
							<td>Genitiv (ejefald)</td>
						</tr>
						<tr>
							<td>Dativ (hensynsfald)</td>
							<td>Indirekte objekt</td>
						</tr>
						<tr>
							<td>Ablativ</td>
							<td>Adverbialled</td>
						</tr>
					</table>
					<table>
						<thead>
							<tr class="small">
								<th></th>
								<th>f1</th>
								<th>m2</th>
								<th>n2</th>
								<th>mf3</th>
							</tr>
						</thead>
						<tbody>
							<tr class="small">
								<th></th>
								<th colspan="4">Singulāris</th>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<th>Nōminātīvus</th>
								<td>regin&thinsp;<b>a</b></td>
								<td>serv&thinsp;<b>us</b></td>
								<td>castell&thinsp;<b>um</b></td>
								<td>rex</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<th>Vocātīvus</th>
								<td>regin&thinsp;<b>a</b></td>
								<td>serv&thinsp;<b>e</b></td>
								<td>castell&thinsp;<b>um</b></td>
								<td>rex</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<th>Accūsātīvus</th>
								<td>regin&thinsp;<b>am</b></td>
								<td>serv&thinsp;<b>um</b></td>
								<td>castell&thinsp;<b>um</b></td>
								<td>rex&thinsp;<b>em</b></td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<th>Genetīvus</th>
								<td>regin&thinsp;<b>ae</b></td>
								<td>serv&thinsp;<b>ī</b></td>
								<td>castell&thinsp;<b>ī</b></td>
								<td>rex&thinsp;<b>is</b></td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<th>Datīvus</th>
								<td>regin&thinsp;<b>ae</b></td>
								<td>serv&thinsp;<b>ō</b></td>
								<td>castell&thinsp;<b>ō</b></td>
								<td>rex&thinsp;<b>ī</b></td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<th>Ablātīvus</th>
								<td>regin&thinsp;<b>ā</b></td>
								<td>serv&thinsp;<b>ō</b></td>
								<td>castell&thinsp;<b>ō</b></td>
								<td>rex&thinsp;<b>e</b></td>
							</tr>
							<tr class="small">
								<th></th>
								<th colspan="4">Plūrālis</th>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<th>Nōminātīvus</th>
								<td>regin&thinsp;<b>ae</b></td>
								<td>serv&thinsp;<b>ī</b></td>
								<td>castell&thinsp;<b>a</b></td>
								<td>rex&thinsp;<b>ēs</b></td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<th>Vocātīvus</th>
								<td>regin&thinsp;<b>ae</b></td>
								<td>serv&thinsp;<b>ī</b></td>
								<td>castell&thinsp;<b>a</b></td>
								<td>rex&thinsp;<b>ēs</b></td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<th>Accūsātīvus</th>
								<td>regin&thinsp;<b>ās</b></td>
								<td>serv&thinsp;<b>ōs</b></td>
								<td>castell&thinsp;<b>a</b></td>
								<td>rex&thinsp;<b>ēs</b></td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<th>Genetīvus</th>
								<td>regin&thinsp;<b>ārum</b></td>
								<td>serv&thinsp;<b>ōrum</b></td>
								<td>castell&thinsp;<b>ōrum</b></td>
								<td>rex&thinsp;<b>um</b></td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<th>Datīvus</th>
								<td>regin&thinsp;<b>īs</b></td>
								<td>serv&thinsp;<b>īs</b></td>
								<td>castell&thinsp;<b>īs</b></td>
								<td>rex&thinsp;<b>ibus</b></td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<th>Ablātīvus</th>
								<td>regin&thinsp;<b>īs</b></td>
								<td>serv&thinsp;<b>īs</b></td>
								<td>castell&thinsp;<b>īs</b></td>
								<td>rex&thinsp;<b>ibus</b></td>
							</tr>
						</tbody>
					</table>
					<p>Nogle substantiver (f.eks. <span class="emphasis">vīrus</span>) er uregelmæssige i henhold til de tidligere regler. Følgende er et skema over disse (endelser i kursiv er uregelmæssige):</p>
					<table>
						<thead>
							<tr class="small">
								<th></th>
								<th colspan="2">Singulāris</th>
							</tr>
						</thead>
						<tbody>
							<tr>
								<th>Nōminātīvus</th>
								<td>de&thinsp;<b>us</b></td>
								<td>vīr&thinsp;<b>us</b></td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<th>Vocātīvus</th>
								<td>de&thinsp;<b><i>us</i></b></td>
								<td>vīr&thinsp;<b><i>us</i></b></td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<th>Accūsātīvus</th>
								<td>de&thinsp;<b>um</b></td>
								<td>vīr&thinsp;<b><i>us</i></b></td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<th>Genetīvus</th>
								<td>de&thinsp;<b>ī</b></td>
								<td>vīr&thinsp;<b>ī</b></td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<th>Datīvus</th>
								<td>de&thinsp;<b>ō</b></td>
								<td>vīr&thinsp;<b>ō</b></td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<th>Ablātīvus</th>
								<td>de&thinsp;<b>ō</b></td>
								<td>vīr&thinsp;<b>ō</b></td>
							</tr>
							<tr class="small">
								<th></th>
								<th colspan="2">Plūrālis</th>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<th>Nōminātīvus</th>
								<td>de&thinsp;<b>ī</b></td>
								<td>vīr&thinsp;<b>a</b></td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<th>Vocātīvus</th>
								<td>de&thinsp;<b>ī</b></td>
								<td>vīr&thinsp;<b>a</b></td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<th>Accūsātīvus</th>
								<td>de&thinsp;<b>ōs</b></td>
								<td>vīr&thinsp;<b>a</b></td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<th>Genetīvus</th>
								<td>de&thinsp;<b>ōrum</b></td>
								<td>vīr&thinsp;<b>ōrum</b></td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<th>Datīvus</th>
								<td>de&thinsp;<b>īs</b></td>
								<td>vīr&thinsp;<b>īs</b></td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<th>Ablātīvus</th>
								<td>de&thinsp;<b>īs</b></td>
								<td>vīr&thinsp;<b>īs</b></td>
							</tr>
						</tbody>
					</table>
				</div>
				<div class="section" id="glossary">
					<p class="heading">Gloseliste</p>
					<p class="vocable">aedificō vb. jeg bygger, jeg opfører</p>
					<p class="vocable">alpha sb. f1 det første bogstav af det græske alfabet</p>
					<p class="vocable">amō vb. jeg elsker, jeg holder af</p>
					<p class="vocable">arx sb. f3 borg, fort, fæstning</p>
					<p class="vocable">cancer sb. m2 krebs, kræft, tumor</p>
					<p class="vocable">canis sb. mf3 hund</p>
					<p class="vocable">castellum sb. n2 borg, palads</p>
					<p class="vocable">centrum sb. n2 centrum, midte</p>
					<p class="vocable">contra (akk) præp. imod, mod</p>
					<p class="vocable">creō vb. jeg skaber</p>
					<p class="vocable">cum adv. med</p>
					<p class="vocable">Dānia prop. f1 Danmark</p>
					<p class="vocable">dominus sb. m2 herre (religion), hersker, kejser</p>
					<p class="vocable">egō pron. jeg</p>
					<p class="vocable">epistola sb. f1 brev</p>
					<p class="vocable">ex (abl) præp. fra</p>
					<p class="vocable">faciō vb. jeg gør</p>
					<p class="vocable">femina sb. f1 kone, kvinde</p>
					<p class="vocable">fleō vb. jeg græder, jeg tuder</p>
					<p class="vocable">Hafnia prop. f1 København</p>
					<p class="vocable">habeō vb. jeg har</p>
					<p class="vocable">hic adj. f1mn2 denne/dette</p>
					<p class="vocable">hic pron. f1mn2 denne/dette</p>
					<p class="vocable">in (abl/akk) præp. i/på (m. abl, som m. akk)</p>
					<p class="vocable">īnstituō vb. jeg etablerer</p>
					<p class="vocable">Juppiter prop. m3 (guden el. planeten) Jupiter</p>
					<p class="vocable">Lia prop. f1 egenavn: første kone af Jakob</p>
					<p class="vocable">Lūna prop. f1 Luna (personificeringen af månen), månen</p>
					<p class="vocable">lūna sb. f1 måne</p>
					<p class="vocable">lyra sb. f1 lyre</p>
					<p class="vocable">magnus adj. f1mn2 stor, storartet</p>
					<p class="vocable">Mārs prop. m3 herre (religion), hersker, kejser</p>
					<p class="vocable">medicīna sb. f1 medicin</p>
					<p class="vocable">Mercurius prop. m2 (guden el. planeten) Merkur</p>
					<p class="vocable">mercurius sb. m2 kviksølv</p>
					<p class="vocable">mīles sb. m3 ridder, soldat</p>
					<p class="vocable">Neptūnus prop. m2 (guden el. planeten) Neptun</p>
					<p class="vocable">nōminātīvus adj. f1mn2 nominativ</p>
					<p class="vocable">oppidum sb. n2 by</p>
					<p class="vocable">praenūntiō vb. jeg annoncerer, jeg forudser</p>
					<p class="vocable">puella sb. f1 (ung) pige</p>
					<p class="vocable">puer sb. m2 dreng, knægt, ungkarl</p>
					<p class="vocable">rēgīna sb. f1 dronning</p>
					<p class="vocable">rēx sb. m3 konge</p>
					<p class="vocable">scrībō konj. men</p>
					<p class="vocable">sed konj. men</p>
					<p class="vocable">servus sb. m2 slave(gjort), træl</p>
					<p class="vocable">Sāturnus prop. m2 (guden el. planeten) Saturn</p>
					<p class="vocable">Sōl prop. m3 Solen (el. guden af)</p>
					<p class="vocable">stēlla sb. f1 stjerne</p>
					<p class="vocable">sum vb. jeg er</p>
					<p class="vocable">taurus sb. m2 tyr</p>
					<p class="vocable">Ūranus prop. m2 (guden el. planeten) Uranus</p>
					<p class="vocable">urbs sb. f3 (stor) by, Rom (byen) el. blot hovedstaden</p>
					<p class="vocable">Venus prop. m2 (guden el. planeten) Venus</p>
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