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<title>Kemi<!--#include virtual="/shtml/titleSuffix.shtml"--></title>
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<p class="heading">Kemi</p>
<div class="section" id="measures-and-units">
<p class="heading">Mål og Enheder</p>
<p class="subheading">Jf. <a href="/html/topic/physics.html#measures-and-units">fysikkens mål og enheder</a>.</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Mål</th>
<th>Symbol<sub> af mål</sub></th>
<th>Enhed</th>
<th>Symbol<sub> af enhed</sub></th>
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</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="small">
<th colspan="4">Mål<sub> med navngivede enheder</sub></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>stofmængde</td>
<td class="math">\(n\)</td>
<td>mol</td>
<td class="math">\(mol\)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="small">
<th colspan="4">Mål<sub> med unavngivede enheder</sub></th>
</tr>
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<td>stofmængdekoncentration</td>
<td class="math">\(c\)</td>
<td>mol pr. kubikmeter</td>
<td class="math">\(\frac {mol}{m^3}\)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>molarmasse</td>
<td class="math">\(M\)</td>
<td>kilogram pr. mol</td>
<td class="math">\(\frac {kg}{mol}\)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>massekoncentration</td>
<td class="math">\(\rho\)</td>
<td>kilogram pr. kubikmeter</td>
<td class="math">\(\frac {kg}{m^3}\)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="small">
<th colspan="4">Mål<sub> uden enheder</sub></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>massebrøk</td>
<td class="math">\(w\)</td>
<th></th>
<th></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>volumenbrøk</td>
<td class="math">\(\phi\)</td>
<th></th>
<th></th>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Mål med variante enheder:</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Mål</th>
<th>Enheder</th>
<th>Symboler<sub> af enheder</sub></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>stofmængdekoncentration</td>
<td>molær</td>
<td class="math">\(M\)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2">masse</td>
<td>gram</td>
<td class="math">\(g\)</td>
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<tr>
<td>dalton</td>
<td class="math">\(u\)</td>
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<tr>
<td>volumen</td>
<td>liter</td>
<td class="math">\(L\)</td>
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</table>
<p>Variante mål:</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Mål</th>
<th>Symbol</th>
<th>Afledt af</th>
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</thead>
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<tr>
<td>atommasse</td>
<td class="math">\(A_r\)</td>
<td>masse</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div class="group">
<p class="math">\(1\ M=1\ \frac {mol}{L}=10^3\ \frac {mol}{m^3}\)</p>
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<div class="group">
<p class="math">\(1\ g=\frac 1{10^3}\ kg\)</p>
<p class="math">\(1\ u=m_u \approx \frac {16\ 605\ 390\ 666}{10^{37}}\ kg\)</p>
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<div class="group">
<p class="math">\(1\ L=\frac 1{10^3}\ m^3\)</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="formulae">
<p class="heading">Formler</p>
<p>Heri vil formler i stilen af <span class="math">\((C_i = \frac {A_i}{\sum_j B_j})\)</span> fremstå, hvori <span class="emphasis">C<sub>i</sub></span> og <span class="emphasis">A<sub>i</sub></span> er stoffet <span class="emphasis">i</span>'s mål <span class="emphasis">C</span> og <span class="emphasis">A</span>, og <span class="math">\((\sum_j B_j)\)</span> er summen af alle stoffer (kollektivt) <span class="emphasis">j</span>'s mål <span class="emphasis">B</span>.</p>
<div class="group">
<p class="math">\(c_i=\frac {n_i}{\sum_j V_j}\)</p>
<p class="note">hvori <span class="emphasis">c<sub>i</sub></span> så er stofmængdekoncentrationen af stoffet <span class="emphasis">i</span>, <span class="emphasis">n<sub>i</sub></span> er stofmængden af stoffet <span class="emphasis">i</span>, og <span class="math">\((\sum_j V_j)\)</span> er den samlet volumen af alle stofferne <span class="emphasis">j</span> (blandingen).</p>
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<div class="group">
<p class="math">\(M=\frac mn\)</p>
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<div class="group">
<p class="math">\(m=Mn\)</p>
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<div class="group">
<p class="math">\(n=\frac mM\)</p>
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<div class="group">
<p class="math">\(w_i=\frac {m_i}{\sum_j m_j}\)</p>
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<div class="group">
<p class="math">\(\rho_i=\frac {m_i}{\sum_j V_j}\)</p>
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<div class="group">
<p class="math">\(\phi_i=\frac {V_i}{\sum_j V_j}\)</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="constants">
<p class="heading">Konstanter</p>
<p class="subheading">Jf. <a href="/html/topic/physics.html#constants">fysikkens</a> og <a href="/html/topic/mathematics.html#constants">matematikkens</a> konstanter.</p>
<table>
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<th>Navn</th>
<th>Symbol</th>
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<tbody>
<tr>
<td>Faradays konstant</td>
<td class="math">\(F\)</td>
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<td>molarmasse konstanten</td>
<td class="math">\(M_u\)</td>
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<td>atommasse konstanten</td>
<td class="math">\(m_u\)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Avagadros konstant</td>
<td class="math">\(N_A\)</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div class="group">
<p class="math">\(F=eN_a=\frac {964\ 853\ 321\ 233\ 100\ 184}{10^{13}}\ \frac {C}{mol}\)</p>
<p class="note">hvori <span class="emphasis">e</span> er den elementære ladning.</p>
<p class="math">\(M_u=\frac {M({}^{12}C)}{12}=m_uN_a \approx \frac {999\ 999\ 999\ 65}{10^{14}}\ \frac {kg}{mol}\)</p>
<p class="math">\(m_u=\frac {m({}^{12}C)}{12} \approx \frac {16\ 605\ 390\ 666}{10^{37}}\ kg\)</p>
<p class="math">\(N_A=602\ 214\ 076 \cdot 10^{15}\ mol^{-1}\)</p>
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