rust/compiler/rustc_lint/src/dangling.rs
2024-10-28 14:16:05 +03:00

223 lines
7.7 KiB
Rust

use rustc_ast::visit::{visit_opt, walk_list};
use rustc_hir::def_id::LocalDefId;
use rustc_hir::intravisit::{FnKind, Visitor, walk_expr};
use rustc_hir::{Block, Body, Expr, ExprKind, FnDecl, LangItem};
use rustc_middle::ty::{Ty, TyCtxt};
use rustc_session::{declare_lint, impl_lint_pass};
use rustc_span::Span;
use rustc_span::symbol::sym;
use crate::lints::DanglingPointersFromTemporaries;
use crate::{LateContext, LateLintPass};
declare_lint! {
/// The `dangling_pointers_from_temporaries` lint detects getting a pointer to data
/// of a temporary that will immediately get dropped.
///
/// ### Example
///
/// ```rust
/// # #![allow(unused)]
/// # unsafe fn use_data(ptr: *const u8) { }
/// fn gather_and_use(bytes: impl Iterator<Item = u8>) {
/// let x: *const u8 = bytes.collect::<Vec<u8>>().as_ptr();
/// unsafe { use_data(x) }
/// }
/// ```
///
/// {{produces}}
///
/// ### Explanation
///
/// Getting a pointer from a temporary value will not prolong its lifetime,
/// which means that the value can be dropped and the allocation freed
/// while the pointer still exists, making the pointer dangling.
/// This is not an error (as far as the type system is concerned)
/// but probably is not what the user intended either.
///
/// If you need stronger guarantees, consider using references instead,
/// as they are statically verified by the borrow-checker to never dangle.
pub DANGLING_POINTERS_FROM_TEMPORARIES,
Warn,
"detects getting a pointer from a temporary"
}
/// FIXME: false negatives (i.e. the lint is not emitted when it should be)
/// 1. Method calls that are not checked for:
/// - [`temporary_unsafe_cell.get()`][`core::cell::UnsafeCell::get()`]
/// - [`temporary_sync_unsafe_cell.get()`][`core::cell::SyncUnsafeCell::get()`]
/// 2. Ways to get a temporary that are not recognized:
/// - `owning_temporary.field`
/// - `owning_temporary[index]`
/// 3. No checks for ref-to-ptr conversions:
/// - `&raw [mut] temporary`
/// - `&temporary as *(const|mut) _`
/// - `ptr::from_ref(&temporary)` and friends
#[derive(Clone, Copy, Default)]
pub(crate) struct DanglingPointers;
impl_lint_pass!(DanglingPointers => [DANGLING_POINTERS_FROM_TEMPORARIES]);
// This skips over const blocks, but they cannot use or return a dangling pointer anyways.
impl<'tcx> LateLintPass<'tcx> for DanglingPointers {
fn check_fn(
&mut self,
cx: &LateContext<'tcx>,
_: FnKind<'tcx>,
_: &'tcx FnDecl<'tcx>,
body: &'tcx Body<'tcx>,
_: Span,
_: LocalDefId,
) {
DanglingPointerSearcher { cx, inside_call_args: false }.visit_body(body)
}
}
/// This produces a dangling pointer:
/// ```ignore (example)
/// let ptr = CString::new("hello").unwrap().as_ptr();
/// foo(ptr)
/// ```
///
/// But this does not:
/// ```ignore (example)
/// foo(CString::new("hello").unwrap().as_ptr())
/// ```
///
/// But this does:
/// ```ignore (example)
/// foo({ let ptr = CString::new("hello").unwrap().as_ptr(); ptr })
/// ```
///
/// So we have to keep track of when we are inside of a function/method call argument.
struct DanglingPointerSearcher<'lcx, 'tcx> {
cx: &'lcx LateContext<'tcx>,
/// Keeps track of whether we are inside of function/method call arguments,
/// where this lint should not be emitted.
///
/// See [the main doc][`Self`] for examples.
inside_call_args: bool,
}
impl Visitor<'_> for DanglingPointerSearcher<'_, '_> {
fn visit_expr(&mut self, expr: &Expr<'_>) -> Self::Result {
if !self.inside_call_args {
lint_expr(self.cx, expr)
}
match expr.kind {
ExprKind::Call(lhs, args) | ExprKind::MethodCall(_, lhs, args, _) => {
self.visit_expr(lhs);
self.with_inside_call_args(true, |this| walk_list!(this, visit_expr, args))
}
ExprKind::Block(&Block { stmts, expr, .. }, _) => {
self.with_inside_call_args(false, |this| walk_list!(this, visit_stmt, stmts));
visit_opt!(self, visit_expr, expr)
}
_ => walk_expr(self, expr),
}
}
}
impl DanglingPointerSearcher<'_, '_> {
fn with_inside_call_args<R>(
&mut self,
inside_call_args: bool,
callback: impl FnOnce(&mut Self) -> R,
) -> R {
let old = core::mem::replace(&mut self.inside_call_args, inside_call_args);
let result = callback(self);
self.inside_call_args = old;
result
}
}
fn lint_expr(cx: &LateContext<'_>, expr: &Expr<'_>) {
if let ExprKind::MethodCall(method, receiver, _args, _span) = expr.kind
&& matches!(method.ident.name, sym::as_ptr | sym::as_mut_ptr)
&& is_temporary_rvalue(receiver)
&& let ty = cx.typeck_results().expr_ty(receiver)
&& is_interesting(cx.tcx, ty)
{
// FIXME: use `emit_node_lint` when `#[primary_span]` is added.
cx.tcx.emit_node_span_lint(
DANGLING_POINTERS_FROM_TEMPORARIES,
expr.hir_id,
method.ident.span,
DanglingPointersFromTemporaries {
callee: method.ident.name,
ty,
ptr_span: method.ident.span,
temporary_span: receiver.span,
},
)
}
}
fn is_temporary_rvalue(expr: &Expr<'_>) -> bool {
match expr.kind {
// Const is not temporary.
ExprKind::ConstBlock(..) | ExprKind::Repeat(..) | ExprKind::Lit(..) => false,
// This is literally lvalue.
ExprKind::Path(..) => false,
// Calls return rvalues.
ExprKind::Call(..) | ExprKind::MethodCall(..) | ExprKind::Binary(..) => true,
// Inner blocks are rvalues.
ExprKind::If(..) | ExprKind::Loop(..) | ExprKind::Match(..) | ExprKind::Block(..) => true,
// FIXME: these should probably recurse and typecheck along the way.
// Some false negatives are possible for now.
ExprKind::Index(..) | ExprKind::Field(..) | ExprKind::Unary(..) => false,
ExprKind::Struct(..) => true,
// FIXME: this has false negatives, but I do not want to deal with 'static/const promotion just yet.
ExprKind::Array(..) => false,
// These typecheck to `!`
ExprKind::Break(..) | ExprKind::Continue(..) | ExprKind::Ret(..) | ExprKind::Become(..) => {
false
}
// These typecheck to `()`
ExprKind::Assign(..) | ExprKind::AssignOp(..) | ExprKind::Yield(..) => false,
// Compiler-magic macros
ExprKind::AddrOf(..) | ExprKind::OffsetOf(..) | ExprKind::InlineAsm(..) => false,
// We are not interested in these
ExprKind::Cast(..)
| ExprKind::Closure(..)
| ExprKind::Tup(..)
| ExprKind::DropTemps(..)
| ExprKind::Let(..) => false,
// Not applicable
ExprKind::Type(..) | ExprKind::Err(..) => false,
}
}
// Array, Vec, String, CString, MaybeUninit, Cell, Box<[_]>, Box<str>, Box<CStr>,
// or any of the above in arbitrary many nested Box'es.
fn is_interesting(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, ty: Ty<'_>) -> bool {
if ty.is_array() {
true
} else if let Some(inner) = ty.boxed_ty() {
inner.is_slice()
|| inner.is_str()
|| inner.ty_adt_def().is_some_and(|def| tcx.is_lang_item(def.did(), LangItem::CStr))
|| is_interesting(tcx, inner)
} else if let Some(def) = ty.ty_adt_def() {
for lang_item in [LangItem::String, LangItem::MaybeUninit] {
if tcx.is_lang_item(def.did(), lang_item) {
return true;
}
}
tcx.get_diagnostic_name(def.did())
.is_some_and(|name| matches!(name, sym::cstring_type | sym::Vec | sym::Cell))
} else {
false
}
}