rust/compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/interpret/intern.rs

347 lines
17 KiB
Rust

//! This module specifies the type based interner for constants.
//!
//! After a const evaluation has computed a value, before we destroy the const evaluator's session
//! memory, we need to extract all memory allocations to the global memory pool so they stay around.
//!
//! In principle, this is not very complicated: we recursively walk the final value, follow all the
//! pointers, and move all reachable allocations to the global `tcx` memory. The only complication
//! is picking the right mutability: the outermost allocation generally has a clear mutability, but
//! what about the other allocations it points to that have also been created with this value? We
//! don't want to do guesswork here. The rules are: `static`, `const`, and promoted can only create
//! immutable allocations that way. `static mut` can be initialized with expressions like `&mut 42`,
//! so all inner allocations are marked mutable. Some of them could potentially be made immutable,
//! but that would require relying on type information, and given how many ways Rust has to lie
//! about type information, we want to avoid doing that.
use hir::def::DefKind;
use rustc_ast::Mutability;
use rustc_data_structures::fx::{FxHashSet, FxIndexMap};
use rustc_hir as hir;
use rustc_middle::middle::codegen_fn_attrs::CodegenFnAttrs;
use rustc_middle::mir::interpret::{ConstAllocation, CtfeProvenance, InterpResult};
use rustc_middle::query::TyCtxtAt;
use rustc_middle::span_bug;
use rustc_middle::ty::layout::TyAndLayout;
use rustc_span::def_id::LocalDefId;
use rustc_span::sym;
use tracing::{instrument, trace};
use super::{err_ub, AllocId, Allocation, InterpCx, MPlaceTy, Machine, MemoryKind, PlaceTy};
use crate::const_eval;
use crate::errors::NestedStaticInThreadLocal;
pub trait CompileTimeMachine<'tcx, T> = Machine<
'tcx,
MemoryKind = T,
Provenance = CtfeProvenance,
ExtraFnVal = !,
FrameExtra = (),
AllocExtra = (),
MemoryMap = FxIndexMap<AllocId, (MemoryKind<T>, Allocation)>,
> + HasStaticRootDefId;
pub trait HasStaticRootDefId {
/// Returns the `DefId` of the static item that is currently being evaluated.
/// Used for interning to be able to handle nested allocations.
fn static_def_id(&self) -> Option<LocalDefId>;
}
impl HasStaticRootDefId for const_eval::CompileTimeMachine<'_> {
fn static_def_id(&self) -> Option<LocalDefId> {
Some(self.static_root_ids?.1)
}
}
/// Intern an allocation. Returns `Err` if the allocation does not exist in the local memory.
///
/// `mutability` can be used to force immutable interning: if it is `Mutability::Not`, the
/// allocation is interned immutably; if it is `Mutability::Mut`, then the allocation *must be*
/// already mutable (as a sanity check).
///
/// Returns an iterator over all relocations referred to by this allocation.
fn intern_shallow<'rt, 'tcx, T, M: CompileTimeMachine<'tcx, T>>(
ecx: &'rt mut InterpCx<'tcx, M>,
alloc_id: AllocId,
mutability: Mutability,
) -> Result<impl Iterator<Item = CtfeProvenance> + 'tcx, ()> {
trace!("intern_shallow {:?}", alloc_id);
// remove allocation
// FIXME(#120456) - is `swap_remove` correct?
let Some((_kind, mut alloc)) = ecx.memory.alloc_map.swap_remove(&alloc_id) else {
return Err(());
};
// Set allocation mutability as appropriate. This is used by LLVM to put things into
// read-only memory, and also by Miri when evaluating other globals that
// access this one.
match mutability {
Mutability::Not => {
alloc.mutability = Mutability::Not;
}
Mutability::Mut => {
// This must be already mutable, we won't "un-freeze" allocations ever.
assert_eq!(alloc.mutability, Mutability::Mut);
}
}
// link the alloc id to the actual allocation
let alloc = ecx.tcx.mk_const_alloc(alloc);
if let Some(static_id) = ecx.machine.static_def_id() {
intern_as_new_static(ecx.tcx, static_id, alloc_id, alloc);
} else {
ecx.tcx.set_alloc_id_memory(alloc_id, alloc);
}
Ok(alloc.0.0.provenance().ptrs().iter().map(|&(_, prov)| prov))
}
/// Creates a new `DefId` and feeds all the right queries to make this `DefId`
/// appear as if it were a user-written `static` (though it has no HIR).
fn intern_as_new_static<'tcx>(
tcx: TyCtxtAt<'tcx>,
static_id: LocalDefId,
alloc_id: AllocId,
alloc: ConstAllocation<'tcx>,
) {
let feed = tcx.create_def(
static_id,
sym::nested,
DefKind::Static { safety: hir::Safety::Safe, mutability: alloc.0.mutability, nested: true },
);
tcx.set_nested_alloc_id_static(alloc_id, feed.def_id());
if tcx.is_thread_local_static(static_id.into()) {
tcx.dcx().emit_err(NestedStaticInThreadLocal { span: tcx.def_span(static_id) });
}
// These do not inherit the codegen attrs of the parent static allocation, since
// it doesn't make sense for them to inherit their `#[no_mangle]` and `#[link_name = ..]`
// and the like.
feed.codegen_fn_attrs(CodegenFnAttrs::new());
feed.eval_static_initializer(Ok(alloc));
feed.generics_of(tcx.generics_of(static_id).clone());
feed.def_ident_span(tcx.def_ident_span(static_id));
feed.explicit_predicates_of(tcx.explicit_predicates_of(static_id));
feed.feed_hir();
}
/// How a constant value should be interned.
#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Hash, Eq)]
pub enum InternKind {
/// The `mutability` of the static, ignoring the type which may have interior mutability.
Static(hir::Mutability),
/// A `const` item
Constant,
Promoted,
}
#[derive(Debug)]
pub enum InternResult {
FoundBadMutablePointer,
FoundDanglingPointer,
}
/// Intern `ret` and everything it references.
///
/// This *cannot raise an interpreter error*. Doing so is left to validation, which
/// tracks where in the value we are and thus can show much better error messages.
///
/// For `InternKind::Static` the root allocation will not be interned, but must be handled by the caller.
#[instrument(level = "debug", skip(ecx))]
pub fn intern_const_alloc_recursive<'tcx, M: CompileTimeMachine<'tcx, const_eval::MemoryKind>>(
ecx: &mut InterpCx<'tcx, M>,
intern_kind: InternKind,
ret: &MPlaceTy<'tcx>,
) -> Result<(), InternResult> {
// We are interning recursively, and for mutability we are distinguishing the "root" allocation
// that we are starting in, and all other allocations that we are encountering recursively.
let (base_mutability, inner_mutability, is_static) = match intern_kind {
InternKind::Constant | InternKind::Promoted => {
// Completely immutable. Interning anything mutably here can only lead to unsoundness,
// since all consts are conceptually independent values but share the same underlying
// memory.
(Mutability::Not, Mutability::Not, false)
}
InternKind::Static(Mutability::Not) => {
(
// Outermost allocation is mutable if `!Freeze`.
if ret.layout.ty.is_freeze(*ecx.tcx, ecx.param_env) {
Mutability::Not
} else {
Mutability::Mut
},
// Inner allocations are never mutable. They can only arise via the "tail
// expression" / "outer scope" rule, and we treat them consistently with `const`.
Mutability::Not,
true,
)
}
InternKind::Static(Mutability::Mut) => {
// Just make everything mutable. We accept code like
// `static mut X = &mut [42]`, so even inner allocations need to be mutable.
(Mutability::Mut, Mutability::Mut, true)
}
};
// Intern the base allocation, and initialize todo list for recursive interning.
let base_alloc_id = ret.ptr().provenance.unwrap().alloc_id();
trace!(?base_alloc_id, ?base_mutability);
// First we intern the base allocation, as it requires a different mutability.
// This gives us the initial set of nested allocations, which will then all be processed
// recursively in the loop below.
let mut todo: Vec<_> = if is_static {
// Do not steal the root allocation, we need it later to create the return value of `eval_static_initializer`.
// But still change its mutability to match the requested one.
let alloc = ecx.memory.alloc_map.get_mut(&base_alloc_id).unwrap();
alloc.1.mutability = base_mutability;
alloc.1.provenance().ptrs().iter().map(|&(_, prov)| prov).collect()
} else {
intern_shallow(ecx, base_alloc_id, base_mutability).unwrap().collect()
};
// We need to distinguish "has just been interned" from "was already in `tcx`",
// so we track this in a separate set.
let mut just_interned: FxHashSet<_> = std::iter::once(base_alloc_id).collect();
// Whether we encountered a bad mutable pointer.
// We want to first report "dangling" and then "mutable", so we need to delay reporting these
// errors.
let mut result = Ok(());
// Keep interning as long as there are things to intern.
// We show errors if there are dangling pointers, or mutable pointers in immutable contexts
// (i.e., everything except for `static mut`). When these errors affect references, it is
// unfortunate that we show these errors here and not during validation, since validation can
// show much nicer errors. However, we do need these checks to be run on all pointers, including
// raw pointers, so we cannot rely on validation to catch them -- and since interning runs
// before validation, and interning doesn't know the type of anything, this means we can't show
// better errors. Maybe we should consider doing validation before interning in the future.
while let Some(prov) = todo.pop() {
trace!(?prov);
let alloc_id = prov.alloc_id();
if base_alloc_id == alloc_id && is_static {
// This is a pointer to the static itself. It's ok for a static to refer to itself,
// even mutably. Whether that mutable pointer is legal at all is checked in validation.
// See tests/ui/statics/recursive_interior_mut.rs for how such a situation can occur.
// We also already collected all the nested allocations, so there's no need to do that again.
continue;
}
// Ensure that this is derived from a shared reference. Crucially, we check this *before*
// checking whether the `alloc_id` has already been interned. The point of this check is to
// ensure that when there are multiple pointers to the same allocation, they are *all*
// derived from a shared reference. Therefore it would be bad if we only checked the first
// pointer to any given allocation.
// (It is likely not possible to actually have multiple pointers to the same allocation,
// so alternatively we could also check that and ICE if there are multiple such pointers.)
// See <https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/128543> for why we are checking for "shared
// reference" and not "immutable", i.e., for why we are allowing interior-mutable shared
// references: they can actually be created in safe code while pointing to apparently
// "immutable" values, via promotion or tail expression lifetime extension of
// `&None::<Cell<T>>`.
// We also exclude promoteds from this as `&mut []` can be promoted, which is a mutable
// reference pointing to an immutable (zero-sized) allocation. We rely on the promotion
// analysis not screwing up to ensure that it is sound to intern promoteds as immutable.
if intern_kind != InternKind::Promoted
&& inner_mutability == Mutability::Not
&& !prov.shared_ref()
{
let is_already_global = ecx.tcx.try_get_global_alloc(alloc_id).is_some();
if is_already_global && !just_interned.contains(&alloc_id) {
// This is a pointer to some memory from another constant. We encounter mutable
// pointers to such memory since we do not always track immutability through
// these "global" pointers. Allowing them is harmless; the point of these checks
// during interning is to justify why we intern the *new* allocations immutably,
// so we can completely ignore existing allocations.
// We can also skip the rest of this loop iteration, since after all it is already
// interned.
continue;
}
// If this is a dangling pointer, that's actually fine -- the problematic case is
// when there is memory there that someone might expect to be mutable, but we make it immutable.
let dangling = !is_already_global && !ecx.memory.alloc_map.contains_key(&alloc_id);
if !dangling {
// Found a mutable reference inside a const where inner allocations should be
// immutable.
if !ecx.tcx.sess.opts.unstable_opts.unleash_the_miri_inside_of_you {
span_bug!(
ecx.tcx.span,
"the static const safety checks accepted mutable references they should not have accepted"
);
}
// Prefer dangling pointer errors over mutable pointer errors
if result.is_ok() {
result = Err(InternResult::FoundBadMutablePointer);
}
}
}
if ecx.tcx.try_get_global_alloc(alloc_id).is_some() {
// Already interned.
debug_assert!(!ecx.memory.alloc_map.contains_key(&alloc_id));
continue;
}
// We always intern with `inner_mutability`, and furthermore we ensured above that if
// that is "immutable", then there are *no* mutable pointers anywhere in the newly
// interned memory -- justifying that we can indeed intern immutably. However this also
// means we can *not* easily intern immutably here if `prov.immutable()` is true and
// `inner_mutability` is `Mut`: there might be other pointers to that allocation, and
// we'd have to somehow check that they are *all* immutable before deciding that this
// allocation can be made immutable. In the future we could consider analyzing all
// pointers before deciding which allocations can be made immutable; but for now we are
// okay with losing some potential for immutability here. This can anyway only affect
// `static mut`.
just_interned.insert(alloc_id);
match intern_shallow(ecx, alloc_id, inner_mutability) {
Ok(nested) => todo.extend(nested),
Err(()) => {
ecx.tcx.dcx().delayed_bug("found dangling pointer during const interning");
result = Err(InternResult::FoundDanglingPointer);
}
}
}
result
}
/// Intern `ret`. This function assumes that `ret` references no other allocation.
#[instrument(level = "debug", skip(ecx))]
pub fn intern_const_alloc_for_constprop<'tcx, T, M: CompileTimeMachine<'tcx, T>>(
ecx: &mut InterpCx<'tcx, M>,
alloc_id: AllocId,
) -> InterpResult<'tcx, ()> {
if ecx.tcx.try_get_global_alloc(alloc_id).is_some() {
// The constant is already in global memory. Do nothing.
return Ok(());
}
// Move allocation to `tcx`.
if let Some(_) =
(intern_shallow(ecx, alloc_id, Mutability::Not).map_err(|()| err_ub!(DeadLocal))?).next()
{
// We are not doing recursive interning, so we don't currently support provenance.
// (If this assertion ever triggers, we should just implement a
// proper recursive interning loop -- or just call `intern_const_alloc_recursive`.
panic!("`intern_const_alloc_for_constprop` called on allocation with nested provenance")
}
Ok(())
}
impl<'tcx, M: super::intern::CompileTimeMachine<'tcx, !>> InterpCx<'tcx, M> {
/// A helper function that allocates memory for the layout given and gives you access to mutate
/// it. Once your own mutation code is done, the backing `Allocation` is removed from the
/// current `Memory` and interned as read-only into the global memory.
pub fn intern_with_temp_alloc(
&mut self,
layout: TyAndLayout<'tcx>,
f: impl FnOnce(&mut InterpCx<'tcx, M>, &PlaceTy<'tcx, M::Provenance>) -> InterpResult<'tcx, ()>,
) -> InterpResult<'tcx, AllocId> {
// `allocate` picks a fresh AllocId that we will associate with its data below.
let dest = self.allocate(layout, MemoryKind::Stack)?;
f(self, &dest.clone().into())?;
let alloc_id = dest.ptr().provenance.unwrap().alloc_id(); // this was just allocated, it must have provenance
for prov in intern_shallow(self, alloc_id, Mutability::Not).unwrap() {
// We are not doing recursive interning, so we don't currently support provenance.
// (If this assertion ever triggers, we should just implement a
// proper recursive interning loop -- or just call `intern_const_alloc_recursive`.
if self.tcx.try_get_global_alloc(prov.alloc_id()).is_none() {
panic!("`intern_with_temp_alloc` with nested allocations");
}
}
Ok(alloc_id)
}
}