fix usage of ty decl macro fragments in attributes
See the test case. Due to one missing code path (and also the changes in #137517), using $ty or other specific fragments as part of an attr wouldn't work. $tt used to work since it wouldn't be parsed anywhere along the way.
Closes#137662
Note: there was an existing code path involving `Interpolated` in
`MetaItem::from_tokens` that was dead. This commit transfers that to the
new form, but puts an `unreachable!` call inside it.
