Be more thorough in using `ItemObligation` and `BindingObligation` when
evaluating obligations so that we can point at trait bounds that
introduced unfulfilled obligations. We no longer incorrectly point at
unrelated trait bounds (`substs-ppaux.verbose.stderr`).
In particular, we now point at trait bounds on method calls.
We no longer point at "obvious" obligation sources (we no longer have a
note pointing at `Trait` saying "required by a bound in `Trait`", like
in `associated-types-no-suitable-supertrait*`).
Address part of #89418.
