Reject overly generic assoc const binding types
Split off from #119385 to make #119385 easier to review.
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In the *instantiated* type of assoc const bindings
1. reject **early-bound generic params**
* Provide a rich error message instead of ICE'ing ([#108271](https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/108271)).
* This is a temporary and semi-artificial restriction until the arrival of *generic const generics*.
* It's quite possible that rustc could already perfectly support this subset of generic const generics if we just removed some checks (some `.no_bound_vars().expect(…)`) but even if that was the case, I'd rather gate it behind a new feature flag. Reporting an error instead of ICE'ing is a good first step towards an eventual feature gate error.
2. reject **escaping late-bound generic params**
* They lead to ICEs before & I'm pretty sure that they remain incorrect even in a world with *generic const generics*
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Together with #118668 & #119385, this supersedes #118360.
Fixes#108271.
Split refining_impl_trait lint into _reachable, _internal variants
As discussed in https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/119535#issuecomment-1909352040:
> We discussed this today in triage and developed a consensus to:
>
> * Add a separate lint against impls that refine a return type defined with RPITIT even when the trait is not crate public.
> * Place that in a lint group along with the analogous crate public lint.
> * Create an issue to solicit feedback on these lints (or perhaps two separate ones).
> * Have the warnings displayed with each lint reference this issue in a similar manner to how we do that today with the required `Self: '0'` bound on GATs.
> * Make a note to review this feedback on 2-3 release cycles.
This points users to https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/121718 to leave feedback.
Add help to `hir_analysis_unrecognized_intrinsic_function`
To help remind forgetful people like me what step they forgot.
(If this just ICE'd, https://github.com/rust-lang/compiler-team/issues/620 style, the stack trace would point me here, but since there's a "nice" error that information is lost.)
Dejargonize `subst`
In favor of #110793, replace almost every occurence of `subst` and `substitution` from rustc codes, but they still remains in subtrees under `src/tools/` like clippy and test codes (I'd like to replace them after this)
- improve diagnostics of field uniqueness check and representation check
- simplify the implementation of field uniqueness check
- remove some useless codes and improvement neatness
When an associated type with GATs isn't specified in a `dyn Trait`, emit
an object safety error instead of only complaining about the missing
associated type, as it will lead the user down a path of three different
errors before letting them know that what they were trying to do is
impossible to begin with.
Fix#103155.
Correctly deny late-bound lifetimes from parent in anon consts and TAITs
Reuse the `AnonConstBoundary` scope (introduced in #108553, renamed in this PR to `LateBoundary`) to deny late-bound vars of *all* kinds (ty/const/lifetime) in anon consts and TAITs.
Side-note, but I would like to consolidate this with the error reporting for RPITs (E0657):
c4f25777a0/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/collect/resolve_bound_vars.rs (L733-L754) but the semantics about what we're allowed to capture there are slightly different, so I'm leaving that untouched.
Fixes#115474
repr(transparent): it's fine if the one non-1-ZST field is a ZST
This code currently gets rejected:
```rust
#[repr(transparent)]
struct MyType([u16; 0])
```
That clearly seems like a bug to me: `repr(transparent)` [got defined ](https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/77841#issuecomment-716575747) as having any number of 1-ZST fields plus optionally one more field; `MyType` clearly satisfies that definition.
This PR changes the `repr(transparent)` logic to actually match that definition.
