Rollup merge of #90701 - michaelwoerister:more-artifact-sizes, r=davidtwco

Record more artifact sizes during self-profiling.

This PR adds artifact size recording for

- "linked artifacts" (executables, RLIBs, dylibs, static libs)
- object files
- dwo files
- assembly files
- crate metadata
- LLVM bitcode files
- LLVM IR files
- codegen unit size estimates

Currently the identifiers emitted for these are hard-coded as string literals. Is it worth adding constants to https://github.com/rust-lang/measureme/blob/master/measureme/src/rustc.rs instead? We don't do that for query names and the like -- but artifact kinds might be more stable than query names.

compiler/rustc_metadata/src/rmeta/encoder.rs

@@ -2193,5 +2193,8 @@ fn encode_metadata_impl(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>) -> EncodedMetadata {
     result[header + 2] = (pos >> 8) as u8;
     result[header + 3] = (pos >> 0) as u8;
 
+    // Record metadata size for self-profiling
+    tcx.prof.artifact_size("crate_metadata", "crate_metadata", result.len() as u64);
+
     EncodedMetadata { raw_data: result }
 }