Rollup merge of #98705 - WaffleLapkin:closure_binder, r=cjgillot

Implement `for<>` lifetime binder for closures

This PR implements RFC 3216 ([TI](https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/97362)) and allows code like the following:

```rust
let _f = for<'a, 'b> |a: &'a A, b: &'b B| -> &'b C { b.c(a) };
//       ^^^^^^^^^^^--- new!
```

cc ``@Aaron1011`` ``@cjgillot``

compiler/rustc_hir/src/arena.rs

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ macro_rules! arena_types {
             [] asm_operand: (rustc_hir::InlineAsmOperand<'tcx>, rustc_span::Span),
             [] asm_template: rustc_ast::InlineAsmTemplatePiece,
             [] attribute: rustc_ast::Attribute,
+            [] closure: rustc_hir::Closure<'tcx>,
             [] block: rustc_hir::Block<'tcx>,
             [] bare_fn_ty: rustc_hir::BareFnTy<'tcx>,
             [] body: rustc_hir::Body<'tcx>,

compiler/rustc_hir/src/hir.rs

@@ -922,6 +922,17 @@ pub struct Crate<'hir> {
     pub hir_hash: Fingerprint,
 }
 
+#[derive(Debug, HashStable_Generic)]
+pub struct Closure<'hir> {
+    pub binder: ClosureBinder,
+    pub capture_clause: CaptureBy,
+    pub bound_generic_params: &'hir [GenericParam<'hir>],
+    pub fn_decl: &'hir FnDecl<'hir>,
+    pub body: BodyId,
+    pub fn_decl_span: Span,
+    pub movability: Option<Movability>,
+}
+
 /// A block of statements `{ .. }`, which may have a label (in this case the
 /// `targeted_by_break` field will be `true`) and may be `unsafe` by means of
 /// the `rules` being anything but `DefaultBlock`.
@@ -1915,14 +1926,7 @@ pub enum ExprKind<'hir> {
     ///
     /// This may also be a generator literal or an `async block` as indicated by the
     /// `Option<Movability>`.
-    Closure {
-        capture_clause: CaptureBy,
-        bound_generic_params: &'hir [GenericParam<'hir>],
-        fn_decl: &'hir FnDecl<'hir>,
-        body: BodyId,
-        fn_decl_span: Span,
-        movability: Option<Movability>,
-    },
+    Closure(&'hir Closure<'hir>),
     /// A block (e.g., `'label: { ... }`).
     Block(&'hir Block<'hir>, Option<Label>),
 
@@ -2700,6 +2704,17 @@ impl FnRetTy<'_> {
     }
 }
 
+/// Represents `for<...>` binder before a closure
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, HashStable_Generic)]
+pub enum ClosureBinder {
+    /// Binder is not specified.
+    Default,
+    /// Binder is specified.
+    ///
+    /// Span points to the whole `for<...>`.
+    For { span: Span },
+}
+
 #[derive(Encodable, Debug, HashStable_Generic)]
 pub struct Mod<'hir> {
     pub spans: ModSpans,
@@ -3464,7 +3479,7 @@ impl<'hir> Node<'hir> {
 #[cfg(all(target_arch = "x86_64", target_pointer_width = "64"))]
 mod size_asserts {
     rustc_data_structures::static_assert_size!(super::Block<'static>, 48);
-    rustc_data_structures::static_assert_size!(super::Expr<'static>, 64);
+    rustc_data_structures::static_assert_size!(super::Expr<'static>, 56);
     rustc_data_structures::static_assert_size!(super::Pat<'static>, 88);
     rustc_data_structures::static_assert_size!(super::QPath<'static>, 24);
     rustc_data_structures::static_assert_size!(super::Ty<'static>, 72);

compiler/rustc_hir/src/intravisit.rs

@@ -928,7 +928,7 @@ pub fn walk_fn_kind<'v, V: Visitor<'v>>(visitor: &mut V, function_kind: FnKind<'
         FnKind::ItemFn(_, generics, ..) => {
             visitor.visit_generics(generics);
         }
-        FnKind::Method(..) | FnKind::Closure => {}
+        FnKind::Closure | FnKind::Method(..) => {}
     }
 }
 
@@ -1147,14 +1147,15 @@ pub fn walk_expr<'v, V: Visitor<'v>>(visitor: &mut V, expression: &'v Expr<'v>)
             visitor.visit_expr(subexpression);
             walk_list!(visitor, visit_arm, arms);
         }
-        ExprKind::Closure {
+        ExprKind::Closure(&Closure {
+            binder: _,
             bound_generic_params,
-            ref fn_decl,
+            fn_decl,
             body,
             capture_clause: _,
             fn_decl_span: _,
             movability: _,
-        } => {
+        }) => {
             walk_list!(visitor, visit_generic_param, bound_generic_params);
             visitor.visit_fn(FnKind::Closure, fn_decl, body, expression.span, expression.hir_id)
         }