Switch QueryJobId to a single global counter

This replaces the per-shard counters with a single global counter, simplifying
the JobId struct down to just a u64 and removing the need to pipe a DepKind
generic through a bunch of code. The performance implications on non-parallel
compilers are likely minimal (this switches to `Cell<u64>` as the backing
storage over a `u64`, but the latter was already inside a `RefCell` so it's not
really a significance divergence). On parallel compilers, the cost of a single
global u64 counter may be more significant: it adds a serialization point in
theory. On the other hand, we can imagine changing the counter to have a
thread-local component if it becomes worrisome or some similar structure.

The new design is sufficiently simpler that it warrants the potential for slight
changes down the line if/when we get parallel compilation to be more of a
default.

A u64 counter, instead of u32 (the old per-shard width), is chosen to avoid
possibly overflowing it and causing problems; it is effectively impossible that
we would overflow a u64 counter in this context.

compiler/rustc_query_impl/src/lib.rs

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ extern crate rustc_macros;
 extern crate rustc_middle;
 
 use rustc_data_structures::stable_hasher::{HashStable, StableHasher};
+use rustc_data_structures::sync::AtomicU64;
 use rustc_middle::arena::Arena;
 use rustc_middle::dep_graph::{self, DepKindStruct, SerializedDepNodeIndex};
 use rustc_middle::ty::query::{query_keys, query_storage, query_stored, query_values};