Rollup merge of #83916 - Amanieu:asm_anonconst, r=petrochenkov

Use AnonConst for asm! constants

This replaces the old system which used explicit promotion. See #83169 for more background.

The syntax for `const` operands is still the same as before: `const <expr>`.

Fixes #83169

Because the implementation is heavily based on inline consts, we suffer from the same issues:
- We lose the ability to use expressions derived from generics. See the deleted tests in `src/test/ui/asm/const.rs`.
- We are hitting the same ICEs as inline consts, for example #78174. It is unlikely that we will be able to stabilize this before inline consts are stabilized.

compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/asm.rs

@@ -136,8 +136,8 @@ fn parse_args<'a>(
                 ast::InlineAsmOperand::InOut { reg, expr, late: true }
             }
         } else if p.eat_keyword(kw::Const) {
-            let expr = p.parse_expr()?;
-            ast::InlineAsmOperand::Const { expr }
+            let anon_const = p.parse_anon_const_expr()?;
+            ast::InlineAsmOperand::Const { anon_const }
         } else if p.eat_keyword(sym::sym) {
             let expr = p.parse_expr()?;
             match expr.kind {