Auto merge of #87194 - eddyb:const-value-mangling, r=michaelwoerister,oli-obk

rustc_symbol_mangling: support structural constants and &str in v0.

This PR should unblock #85530 (except for float `const` generics, which AFAIK should've never worked).
(cc `@tmiasko` could the https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/85530#issuecomment-857855379 failures be retried with a quick crater "subset" run of this PR + changing the default to `v0`? Just to make sure I didn't miss anything other than the floats)

The encoding is the one suggested before in e.g. https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/61486#issuecomment-878932102, tho this PR won't by itself finish #61486, before closing that we'd likely want to move to `@oli-obk's` "valtrees" (i.e. #83234 and other associated work).

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**EDITs**:
1. switched unit/tuple/braced-with-named-fields `<const-fields>` prefixes from `"u"`/`"T"`/`""` to `"U"`/`"T"`/`"S"` to avoid the ambiguity reported by `@tmiasko` in https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/87194#issuecomment-884279921.

2. `rustc-demangle` PR: https://github.com/alexcrichton/rustc-demangle/pull/55

3. RFC amendment PR: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/pull/3161
    * also removed the grammar changes included in that PR, from this description

4. added tests (temporarily using my fork of `rustc-demangle`)

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r? `@michaelwoerister`

compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/Cargo.toml

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ measureme = "9.1.0"
 snap = "1"
 tracing = "0.1"
 rustc_middle = { path = "../rustc_middle" }
-rustc-demangle = "0.1.18"
+rustc-demangle = "0.1.21"
 rustc_attr = { path = "../rustc_attr" }
 rustc_codegen_ssa = { path = "../rustc_codegen_ssa" }
 rustc_data_structures = { path = "../rustc_data_structures" }