Fix inconsistencies in handling of inert attributes on statements

When the 'early' and 'late' visitors visit an attribute target, they
activate any lint attributes (e.g. `#[allow]`) that apply to it.
This can affect warnings emitted on sibiling attributes. For example,
the following code does not produce an `unused_attributes` for
`#[inline]`, since the sibiling `#[allow(unused_attributes)]` suppressed
the warning.

```rust
trait Foo {
    #[allow(unused_attributes)] #[inline] fn first();
    #[inline] #[allow(unused_attributes)] fn second();
}
```

However, we do not do this for statements - instead, the lint attributes
only become active when we visit the struct nested inside `StmtKind`
(e.g. `Item`).

Currently, this is difficult to observe due to another issue - the
`HasAttrs` impl for `StmtKind` ignores attributes for `StmtKind::Item`.
As a result, the `unused_doc_comments` lint will never see attributes on
item statements.

This commit makes two interrelated fixes to the handling of inert
(non-proc-macro) attributes on statements:

* The `HasAttr` impl for `StmtKind` now returns attributes for
  `StmtKind::Item`, treating it just like every other `StmtKind`
  variant. The only place relying on the old behavior was macro
  which has been updated to explicitly ignore attributes on item
  statements. This allows the `unused_doc_comments` lint to fire for
  item statements.
* The `early` and `late` lint visitors now activate lint attributes when
  invoking the callback for `Stmt`. This ensures that a lint
  attribute (e.g. `#[allow(unused_doc_comments)]`) can be applied to
  sibiling attributes on an item statement.

For now, the `unused_doc_comments` lint is explicitly disabled on item
statements, which preserves the current behavior. The exact locatiosn
where this lint should fire are being discussed in PR #78306

compiler/rustc_lint/src/early.rs

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ use crate::context::{EarlyContext, LintContext, LintStore};
 use crate::passes::{EarlyLintPass, EarlyLintPassObject};
 use rustc_ast as ast;
 use rustc_ast::visit as ast_visit;
+use rustc_attr::HasAttrs;
 use rustc_session::lint::{BufferedEarlyLint, LintBuffer, LintPass};
 use rustc_session::Session;
 use rustc_span::symbol::Ident;
@@ -119,8 +120,22 @@ impl<'a, T: EarlyLintPass> ast_visit::Visitor<'a> for EarlyContextAndPass<'a, T>
     }
 
     fn visit_stmt(&mut self, s: &'a ast::Stmt) {
-        run_early_pass!(self, check_stmt, s);
-        self.check_id(s.id);
+        // Add the statement's lint attributes to our
+        // current state when checking the statement itself.
+        // This allows us to handle attributes like
+        // `#[allow(unused_doc_comments)]`, which apply to
+        // sibling attributes on the same target
+        //
+        // Note that statements get their attributes from
+        // the AST struct that they wrap (e.g. an item)
+        self.with_lint_attrs(s.id, s.attrs(), |cx| {
+            run_early_pass!(cx, check_stmt, s);
+            cx.check_id(s.id);
+        });
+        // The visitor for the AST struct wrapped
+        // by the statement (e.g. `Item`) will call
+        // `with_lint_attrs`, so do this walk
+        // outside of the above `with_lint_attrs` call
         ast_visit::walk_stmt(self, s);
     }