Rollup merge of #80920 - rylev:check_attr-refactor, r=davidtwco

Visit more targets when validating attributes

This begins to address #80048, allowing for additional validation of attributes.

There are more refactorings that can be done, though I think they should be tackled in additional PRs:
* ICE when a builtin attribute is encountered that is not checked
* Move some of the attr checking done `ast_validation` into `rustc_passes`
  * note that this requires a bit of additional refactoring, especially of extern items which currently parse attributes (and thus are a part of the AST) but do not possess attributes in their HIR representation.
* Rename `Target` to `AttributeTarget`
* Refactor attribute validation completely to go through `Visitor::visit_attribute`.
  * This would require at a minimum passing `Target` into this method which might be too big of a refactoring to be worth it.
  * It's also likely not possible to do all the validation this way as some validation requires knowing what other attributes a target has.

r? `@davidtwco`

compiler/rustc_hir/src/target.rs

@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@ pub enum Target {
     ForeignTy,
     GenericParam(GenericParamKind),
     MacroDef,
+    Param,
 }
 
 impl Display for Target {
@@ -96,6 +97,7 @@ impl Display for Target {
                     GenericParamKind::Const => "const parameter",
                 },
                 Target::MacroDef => "macro def",
+                Target::Param => "function param",
             }
         )
     }