Auto merge of #122565 - Zoxc:atomic-panic-msg, r=the8472

Try to write the panic message with a single `write_all` call

This writes the panic message to a buffer before writing to stderr. This allows it to be printed with a single `write_all` call, preventing it from being interleaved with other outputs. It also adds newlines before and after the message ensuring that only the panic message will have its own lines.

Before:
```
thread 'thread 'thread 'thread 'thread '<unnamed>thread 'thread 'thread 'thread '<unnamed><unnamed>thread '<unnamed>' panicked at ' panicked at <unnamed><unnamed><unnamed><unnamed><unnamed>' panicked at <unnamed>' panicked at src\heap.rssrc\heap.rs'
panicked at ' panicked at ' panicked at ' panicked at ' panicked at src\heap.rs' panicked at src\heap.rs::src\heap.rssrc\heap.rssrc\heap.rssrc\heap.rssrc\heap.rs:src\heap.rs:455455:::::455:455::455455455455455:455:99:::::9:9:
:
999:
999:
assertion failed: size <= (*queue).block_size:
:
assertion failed: size <= (*queue).block_size:
assertion failed: size <= (*queue).block_size:
:
:
assertion failed: size <= (*queue).block_sizeassertion failed: size <= (*queue).block_sizeassertion failed: size <= (*queue).block_size

assertion failed: size <= (*queue).block_size
assertion failed: size <= (*queue).block_sizeassertion failed: size <= (*queue).block_sizeerror: process didn't exit successfully: `target\debug\direct_test.exe` (exit code: 0xc0000409, STATUS_STACK_BUFFER_OVERRUN)
```
After:
```

thread '<unnamed>' panicked at src\heap.rs:455:9:
assertion failed: size <= (*queue).block_size

thread '<unnamed>' panicked at src\heap.rs:455:9:
assertion failed: size <= (*queue).block_size

thread '<unnamed>' panicked at src\heap.rs:455:9:
assertion failed: size <= (*queue).block_size

error: process didn't exit successfully: `target\debug\direct_test.exe` (exit code: 0xc0000409, STATUS_STACK_BUFFER_OVERRUN)
```

---

try-jobs: x86_64-gnu-llvm-18

library/std/src/panicking.rs

@@ -266,7 +266,23 @@ fn default_hook(info: &PanicHookInfo<'_>) {
         // Use a lock to prevent mixed output in multithreading context.
         // Some platforms also require it when printing a backtrace, like `SymFromAddr` on Windows.
         let mut lock = backtrace::lock();
-        let _ = writeln!(err, "thread '{name}' panicked at {location}:\n{msg}");
+        // Try to write the panic message to a buffer first to prevent other concurrent outputs
+        // interleaving with it.
+        let mut buffer = [0u8; 512];
+        let mut cursor = crate::io::Cursor::new(&mut buffer[..]);
+
+        let write_msg = |dst: &mut dyn crate::io::Write| {
+            // We add a newline to ensure the panic message appears at the start of a line.
+            writeln!(dst, "\nthread '{name}' panicked at {location}:\n{msg}")
+        };
+
+        if write_msg(&mut cursor).is_ok() {
+            let pos = cursor.position() as usize;
+            let _ = err.write_all(&buffer[0..pos]);
+        } else {
+            // The message did not fit into the buffer, write it directly instead.
+            let _ = write_msg(err);
+        };
 
         static FIRST_PANIC: AtomicBool = AtomicBool::new(true);