Auto merge of #116001 - fmease:validate-crate-name-extern-cli-opt, r=est31

[breaking change] Validate crate name in `--extern` [MCP 650]

Reject non-ASCII-identifier crate names passed to the CLI option `--extern` (`rustc`, `rustdoc`).
Implements [MCP 650](https://github.com/rust-lang/compiler-team/issues/650) (except that we only allow ASCII identifiers not arbitrary Rust identifiers).
Fixes #113035.

[As mentioned on Zulip](376826988), doing a crater run probably doesn't make sense since it wouldn't yield anything. Most users don't interact with `rustc` directly but only ever through Cargo which always passes a valid crate name to `--extern` when it invokes `rustc` and `rustdoc`. In any case, the user wouldn't be able to use such a crate name in the source code anyway.

Note that I'm not using [`rustc_session::output::validate_crate_name`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/nightly-rustc/rustc_session/output/fn.validate_crate_name.html) (used for `--crate-name` and `#![crate_name]`) since the latter doesn't reject non-ASCII crate names and ones that start with a digit.

As an aside, I've also thought about getting rid of `validate_crate_name` entirely in a separate PR (with another MCP) in favor of `is_ascii_ident` to reject more weird `--crate-name`s, `#![crate_name]`s and file names but I think that would lead to a lot of actual breakage, namely because of file names starting with a digit. In `tests/ui` 9 tests would be impacted for example.

CC `@estebank`
r? `@est31`

compiler/rustc_session/src/session.rs

@@ -1724,6 +1724,15 @@ impl EarlyErrorHandler {
         self.handler.struct_fatal(msg).emit()
     }
 
+    #[allow(rustc::untranslatable_diagnostic)]
+    #[allow(rustc::diagnostic_outside_of_impl)]
+    pub(crate) fn early_struct_error(
+        &self,
+        msg: impl Into<DiagnosticMessage>,
+    ) -> DiagnosticBuilder<'_, !> {
+        self.handler.struct_fatal(msg)
+    }
+
     #[allow(rustc::untranslatable_diagnostic)]
     #[allow(rustc::diagnostic_outside_of_impl)]
     pub fn early_warn(&self, msg: impl Into<DiagnosticMessage>) {