Change entry point to 🛡️ against 💥 💥-payloads

Guard against panic payloads panicking within entrypoints, where it is
UB to do so.

Note that there are a number of implementation approaches to consider.
Some simpler, some more complicated. This particular solution is nice in
that it also guards against accidental implementation issues in
various pieces of runtime code, something we cannot prevent statically
right now.

Fixes #86030

library/std/src/lib.rs

@@ -225,13 +225,14 @@
 #![feature(allocator_internals)]
 #![feature(allow_internal_unsafe)]
 #![feature(allow_internal_unstable)]
-#![feature(async_stream)]
 #![feature(arbitrary_self_types)]
 #![feature(array_error_internals)]
 #![feature(asm)]
 #![feature(assert_matches)]
 #![feature(associated_type_bounds)]
+#![feature(async_stream)]
 #![feature(atomic_mut_ptr)]
+#![feature(auto_traits)]
 #![feature(bench_black_box)]
 #![feature(box_syntax)]
 #![feature(c_variadic)]
@@ -244,14 +245,14 @@
 #![feature(concat_idents)]
 #![feature(const_cstr_unchecked)]
 #![feature(const_fn_floating_point_arithmetic)]
-#![feature(const_fn_transmute)]
 #![feature(const_fn_fn_ptr_basics)]
+#![feature(const_fn_transmute)]
 #![feature(const_io_structs)]
 #![feature(const_ip)]
+#![feature(const_ipv4)]
 #![feature(const_ipv6)]
 #![feature(const_raw_ptr_deref)]
 #![feature(const_socketaddr)]
-#![feature(const_ipv4)]
 #![feature(container_error_extra)]
 #![feature(core_intrinsics)]
 #![feature(custom_test_frameworks)]
@@ -297,7 +298,6 @@
 #![feature(nll)]
 #![feature(nonnull_slice_from_raw_parts)]
 #![feature(once_cell)]
-#![feature(auto_traits)]
 #![feature(panic_info_message)]
 #![feature(panic_internals)]
 #![feature(panic_unwind)]
@@ -330,6 +330,7 @@
 #![feature(unboxed_closures)]
 #![feature(unsafe_cell_raw_get)]
 #![feature(unwind_attributes)]
+#![feature(unwrap_infallible)]
 #![feature(vec_into_raw_parts)]
 #![feature(vec_spare_capacity)]
 // NB: the above list is sorted to minimize merge conflicts.

library/std/src/rt.rs

@@ -24,18 +24,32 @@ fn lang_start_internal(
     main: &(dyn Fn() -> i32 + Sync + crate::panic::RefUnwindSafe),
     argc: isize,
     argv: *const *const u8,
-) -> isize {
-    use crate::panic;
-    use crate::sys_common;
-
+) -> Result<isize, !> {
+    use crate::{mem, panic, sys, sys_common};
+    let rt_abort = move |e| {
+        mem::forget(e);
+        rtabort!("initialization or cleanup bug");
+    };
+    // Guard against the code called by this function from unwinding outside of the Rust-controlled
+    // code, which is UB. This is a requirement imposed by a combination of how the
+    // `#[lang="start"]` attribute is implemented as well as by the implementation of the panicking
+    // mechanism itself.
+    //
+    // There are a couple of instances where unwinding can begin. First is inside of the
+    // `rt::init`, `rt::cleanup` and similar functions controlled by libstd. In those instances a
+    // panic is a libstd implementation bug. A quite likely one too, as there isn't any way to
+    // prevent libstd from accidentally introducing a panic to these functions. Another is from
+    // user code from `main` or, more nefariously, as described in e.g. issue #86030.
     // SAFETY: Only called once during runtime initialization.
-    unsafe { sys_common::rt::init(argc, argv) };
-
-    let exit_code = panic::catch_unwind(main);
-
-    sys_common::rt::cleanup();
-
-    exit_code.unwrap_or(101) as isize
+    panic::catch_unwind(move || unsafe { sys_common::rt::init(argc, argv) }).map_err(rt_abort)?;
+    let ret_code = panic::catch_unwind(move || panic::catch_unwind(main).unwrap_or(101) as isize)
+        .map_err(move |e| {
+            mem::forget(e);
+            rtprintpanic!("drop of the panic payload panicked");
+            sys::abort_internal()
+        });
+    panic::catch_unwind(sys_common::rt::cleanup).map_err(rt_abort)?;
+    ret_code
 }
 
 #[cfg(not(test))]
@@ -50,4 +64,5 @@ fn lang_start<T: crate::process::Termination + 'static>(
         argc,
         argv,
     )
+    .into_ok()
 }

src/test/ui/rt-explody-panic-payloads.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+// run-pass
+// ignore-emscripten no processes
+// ignore-sgx no processes
+// ignore-wasm32-bare no unwinding panic
+// ignore-avr no unwinding panic
+// ignore-nvptx64 no unwinding panic
+
+use std::env;
+use std::process::Command;
+
+struct Bomb;
+
+impl Drop for Bomb {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        std::panic::panic_any(Bomb);
+    }
+}
+
+fn main() {
+    let args = env::args().collect::<Vec<_>>();
+    let output = match &args[..] {
+        [me] => Command::new(&me).arg("plant the").output(),
+        [..] => std::panic::panic_any(Bomb),
+    }.expect("running the command should have succeeded");
+    println!("{:#?}", output);
+    let stderr = std::str::from_utf8(&output.stderr);
+    assert!(stderr.map(|v| {
+        v.ends_with("drop of the panic payload panicked")
+    }).unwrap_or(false));
+}