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Rollup merge of #120354 - lukas-code:metadata-normalize, r=lcnr

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improve normalization of `Pointee::Metadata`

This PR makes it so that `<Wrapper<Tail> as Pointee>::Metadata` is normalized to `<Tail as Pointee>::Metadata` if we don't know `Wrapper<Tail>: Sized`. With that, the trait solver can prove projection predicates like `<Wrapper<Tail> as Pointee>::Metadata == <Tail as Pointee>::Metadata`, which makes it possible to use the metadata APIs to cast between the tail and the wrapper:

```rust
#![feature(ptr_metadata)]

use std::ptr::{self, Pointee};

fn cast_same_meta<T: ?Sized, U: ?Sized>(ptr: *const T) -> *const U
where
    T: Pointee<Metadata = <U as Pointee>::Metadata>,
{
    let (thin, meta) = ptr.to_raw_parts();
    ptr::from_raw_parts(thin, meta)
}

struct Wrapper<T: ?Sized>(T);

fn cast_to_wrapper<T: ?Sized>(ptr: *const T) -> *const Wrapper<T> {
    cast_same_meta(ptr)
}
```

Previously, this failed to compile:

```
error[E0271]: type mismatch resolving `<Wrapper<T> as Pointee>::Metadata == <T as Pointee>::Metadata`
  --> src/lib.rs:16:5
   |
15 | fn cast_to_wrapper<T: ?Sized>(ptr: *const T) -> *const Wrapper<T> {
   |                    - found this type parameter
16 |     cast_same_meta(ptr)
   |     ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ expected `Wrapper<T>`, found type parameter `T`
   |
   = note: expected associated type `<Wrapper<T> as Pointee>::Metadata`
              found associated type `<T as Pointee>::Metadata`
   = note: an associated type was expected, but a different one was found
```

(Yes, you can already do this with `as` casts. But using functions is so much ✨ *safer* ✨, because you can't change the metadata on accident.)

---

This PR essentially changes the built-in impls of `Pointee` from this:

```rust
// before

impl Pointee for u8 {
    type Metadata = ();
}

impl Pointee for [u8] {
    type Metadata = usize;
}

// ...

impl Pointee for Wrapper<u8> {
    type Metadata = ();
}

impl Pointee for Wrapper<[u8]> {
    type Metadata = usize;
}

// ...

// This impl is only selected if `T` is a type parameter or unnormalizable projection or opaque type.
fallback impl<T: ?Sized> Pointee for Wrapper<T>
where
    Wrapper<T>: Sized
{
    type Metadata = ();
}

// This impl is only selected if `T` is a type parameter or unnormalizable projection or opaque type.
fallback impl<T /*: Sized */> Pointee for T {
    type Metadata = ();
}
```

to this:

```rust
// after

impl Pointee for u8 {
    type Metadata = ();
}

impl Pointee for [u8] {
    type Metadata = usize;
}

// ...

impl<T: ?Sized> Pointee for Wrapper<T> {
    // in the old solver this will instead project to the "deep" tail directly,
    // e.g. `Wrapper<Wrapper<T>>::Metadata = T::Metadata`
    type Metadata = <T as Pointee>::Metadata;
}

// ...

// This impl is only selected if `T` is a type parameter or unnormalizable projection or opaque type.
fallback impl<T /*: Sized */> Pointee for T {
    type Metadata = ();
}
```
This commit is contained in:
Matthias Krüger 2024-02-09 19:21:16 +01:00 • committed by GitHub
commit 99bafad6c2
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7 changed files with 148 additions and 59 deletions
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29
compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/solve/normalizes_to/mod.rs
View file

@ -491,6 +491,8 @@ impl<'tcx> assembly::GoalKind<'tcx> for NormalizesTo<'tcx> {
goal: Goal<'tcx, Self>,
) -> QueryResult<'tcx> {
let tcx = ecx.tcx();
let metadata_def_id = tcx.require_lang_item(LangItem::Metadata, None);
assert_eq!(metadata_def_id, goal.predicate.def_id());
ecx.probe_misc_candidate("builtin pointee").enter(|ecx| {
let metadata_ty = match goal.predicate.self_ty().kind() {
ty::Bool
@ -522,7 +524,10 @@ impl<'tcx> assembly::GoalKind<'tcx> for NormalizesTo<'tcx> {
}
ty::Alias(_, _) | ty::Param(_) | ty::Placeholder(..) => {
// FIXME(ptr_metadata): It would also be possible to return a `Ok(Ambig)` with no constraints.
// This is the "fallback impl" for type parameters, unnormalizable projections
// and opaque types: If the `self_ty` is `Sized`, then the metadata is `()`.
// FIXME(ptr_metadata): This impl overlaps with the other impls and shouldn't
// exist. Instead, `Pointee<Metadata = ()>` should be a supertrait of `Sized`.
let sized_predicate = ty::TraitRef::from_lang_item(
tcx,
LangItem::Sized,
@ -536,30 +541,16 @@ impl<'tcx> assembly::GoalKind<'tcx> for NormalizesTo<'tcx> {
ty::Adt(def, args) if def.is_struct() => match def.non_enum_variant().tail_opt() {
None => tcx.types.unit,
Some(field_def) => {
let self_ty = field_def.ty(tcx, args);
// FIXME(-Znext-solver=coinductive): Should this be `GoalSource::ImplWhereBound`?
ecx.add_goal(
GoalSource::Misc,
goal.with(tcx, goal.predicate.with_self_ty(tcx, self_ty)),
);
return ecx
.evaluate_added_goals_and_make_canonical_response(Certainty::Yes);
Some(tail_def) => {
let tail_ty = tail_def.ty(tcx, args);
Ty::new_projection(tcx, metadata_def_id, [tail_ty])
}
},
ty::Adt(_, _) => tcx.types.unit,
ty::Tuple(elements) => match elements.last() {
None => tcx.types.unit,
Some(&self_ty) => {
// FIXME(-Znext-solver=coinductive): Should this be `GoalSource::ImplWhereBound`?
ecx.add_goal(
GoalSource::Misc,
goal.with(tcx, goal.predicate.with_self_ty(tcx, self_ty)),
);
return ecx
.evaluate_added_goals_and_make_canonical_response(Certainty::Yes);
}
Some(&tail_ty) => Ty::new_projection(tcx, metadata_def_id, [tail_ty]),
},
ty::Infer(

38
compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/project.rs
View file

@ -1935,10 +1935,11 @@ fn assemble_candidates_from_impls<'cx, 'tcx>(
// Integers and floats are always Sized, and so have unit type metadata.
| ty::Infer(ty::InferTy::IntVar(_) | ty::InferTy::FloatVar(..)) => true,
// type parameters, opaques, and unnormalized projections have pointer
// metadata if they're known (e.g. by the param_env) to be sized
// We normalize from `Wrapper<Tail>::Metadata` to `Tail::Metadata` if able.
// Otherwise, type parameters, opaques, and unnormalized projections have
// unit metadata if they're known (e.g. by the param_env) to be sized.
ty::Param(_) | ty::Alias(..)
if selcx.infcx.predicate_must_hold_modulo_regions(
if self_ty != tail || selcx.infcx.predicate_must_hold_modulo_regions(
&obligation.with(
selcx.tcx(),
ty::TraitRef::from_lang_item(selcx.tcx(), LangItem::Sized, obligation.cause.span(),[self_ty]),
@ -2312,7 +2313,7 @@ fn confirm_builtin_candidate<'cx, 'tcx>(
assert_eq!(metadata_def_id, item_def_id);
let mut obligations = Vec::new();
let (metadata_ty, check_is_sized) = self_ty.ptr_metadata_ty(tcx, |ty| {
let normalize = |ty| {
normalize_with_depth_to(
selcx,
obligation.param_env,
@ -2321,16 +2322,27 @@ fn confirm_builtin_candidate<'cx, 'tcx>(
ty,
&mut obligations,
)
};
let metadata_ty = self_ty.ptr_metadata_ty_or_tail(tcx, normalize).unwrap_or_else(|tail| {
if tail == self_ty {
// This is the "fallback impl" for type parameters, unnormalizable projections
// and opaque types: If the `self_ty` is `Sized`, then the metadata is `()`.
// FIXME(ptr_metadata): This impl overlaps with the other impls and shouldn't
// exist. Instead, `Pointee<Metadata = ()>` should be a supertrait of `Sized`.
let sized_predicate = ty::TraitRef::from_lang_item(
tcx,
LangItem::Sized,
obligation.cause.span(),
[self_ty],
);
obligations.push(obligation.with(tcx, sized_predicate));
tcx.types.unit
} else {
// We know that `self_ty` has the same metadata as `tail`. This allows us
// to prove predicates like `Wrapper<Tail>::Metadata == Tail::Metadata`.
Ty::new_projection(tcx, metadata_def_id, [tail])
}
});
if check_is_sized {
let sized_predicate = ty::TraitRef::from_lang_item(
tcx,
LangItem::Sized,
obligation.cause.span(),
[self_ty],
);
obligations.push(obligation.with(tcx, sized_predicate));
}
(metadata_ty.into(), obligations)
} else {
bug!("unexpected builtin trait with associated type: {:?}", obligation.predicate);

23
compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/query/evaluate_obligation.rs
View file

@ -41,7 +41,28 @@ impl<'tcx> InferCtxtExt<'tcx> for InferCtxt<'tcx> {
/// not entirely accurate if inference variables are involved.
///
/// This version may conservatively fail when outlives obligations
/// are required.
/// are required. Therefore, this version should only be used for
/// optimizations or diagnostics and be treated as if it can always
/// return `false`.
///
/// # Example
///
/// ```
/// # #![allow(dead_code)]
/// trait Trait {}
///
/// fn check<T: Trait>() {}
///
/// fn foo<T: 'static>()
/// where
/// &'static T: Trait,
/// {
/// // Evaluating `&'?0 T: Trait` adds a `'?0: 'static` outlives obligation,
/// // which means that `predicate_must_hold_considering_regions` will return
/// // `false`.
/// check::<&'_ T>();
/// }
/// ```
fn predicate_must_hold_considering_regions(
&self,
obligation: &PredicateObligation<'tcx>,