Auto merge of #112984 - BoxyUwU:debug_with_infcx, r=compiler-errors

Introduce `trait DebugWithInfcx` to debug format types with universe info

Seeing universes of infer vars is valuable for debugging but currently we have no way of easily debug formatting a type with the universes of all the infer vars shown. In the future I hope to augment the new solver's proof tree output with a `DebugWithInfcx` impl so that it can show universes but I left that out of this PR as it would be non trivial and this is already large and complex enough.

The goal here is to make the various abstractions taking `T: Debug` able to use the codepath for printing out universes, that way we can do `debug!("{:?}", my_x)` and have `my_x` have universes shown, same for the `write!` macro. It's not possible to put the `Infcx: InferCtxtLike<I>` into the formatter argument to `Debug::fmt` so it has to go into the self ty. For this we introduce the type `OptWithInfcx<I: Interner, Infcx: InferCtxtLike<I>, T>` which has the data `T` optionally coupled with the infcx (more on why it's optional later).

Because of coherence/orphan rules it's not possible to write the impl `Debug for OptWithInfcx<..., MyType>` when `OptWithInfcx` is in a upstream crate. This necessitates a blanket impl in the crate defining `OptWithInfcx` like so: `impl<T: DebugWithInfcx> Debug for OptWithInfcx<..., T>`. It is not intended for people to manually call `DebugWithInfcx::fmt`, the `Debug` impl for `OptWithInfcx` should be preferred.

The infcx has to be optional in `OptWithInfcx` as otherwise we would end up with a large amount of code duplication. Almost all types that want to be used with `OptWithInfcx` do not themselves need access to the infcx so if we were to not optional we would end up with large `Debug` and `DebugWithInfcx` impls that were practically identical other than that when formatting their fields we wrap the field in `OptWithInfcx` instead of formatting it alone.

The only types that need access to the infcx themselves are ty/const/region infer vars, everything else is implemented by having the `Debug` impl defer to `OptWithInfcx` with no infcx available. The `DebugWithInfcx` impl is pretty much just the standard `Debug` impl except that instead of recursively formatting fields with `write!(f, "{x:?}")` we must do `write!(f, "{:?}", opt_infcx.wrap(x))`. This is some pretty rough boilerplate but I could not think of an alternative unfortunately.

`OptWithInfcx::wrap` is an eager `Option::map` because 99% of callsites were discarding the existing data in `OptWithInfcx` and did not need lazy evaluation.

A trait `InferCtxtLike` was added instead of using `InferCtxt<'tcx>` as we need to implement `DebugWithInfcx` for types living in `rustc_type_ir` which are generic over an interner and do not have access to `InferCtxt` since it lives in `rustc_infer`. Additionally I suspect that adding universe info to new solver proof tree output will require an implementation of `InferCtxtLike` for something that is not an `InferCtxt` although this is not the primary motivaton.

---

To summarize:
- There is a type `OptWithInfcx` which bundles some data optionally with an infcx with allows us to pass an infcx into a `Debug` impl. It's optional instead of being there unconditionally so that we can share code for `Debug` and `DebugWithInfcx` impls that don't care about whether there is an infcx available but have fields that might care.
- There is a trait `DebugWithInfcx` which allows downstream crates to add impls of the form `Debug for OptWithInfcx<...>` which would normally be forbidden by orphan rules/coherence.
- There is a trait `InferCtxtLike` to allow us to implement `DebugWithInfcx` for types that live in `rustc_type_ir`

This allows debug formatting various `ty::*` structures with universes shown by using the `Debug` impl for `OptWithInfcx::new(ty, infcx)`

---

This PR does not add `DebugWithInfcx` impls to absolutely _everything_ that should realistically have them, for example you cannot use `OptWithInfcx<Obligation<Predicate>>`. I am leaving this to a future PR to do so as it would likely be a lot more work to do.

compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/mod.rs

@@ -332,6 +332,39 @@ pub struct InferCtxt<'tcx> {
     next_trait_solver: bool,
 }
 
+impl<'tcx> ty::InferCtxtLike<TyCtxt<'tcx>> for InferCtxt<'tcx> {
+    fn universe_of_ty(&self, ty: ty::InferTy) -> Option<ty::UniverseIndex> {
+        use InferTy::*;
+        match ty {
+            // FIXME(BoxyUwU): this is kind of jank and means that printing unresolved
+            // ty infers will give you the universe of the var it resolved to not the universe
+            // it actually had. It also means that if you have a `?0.1` and infer it to `u8` then
+            // try to print out `?0.1` it will just print `?0`.
+            TyVar(ty_vid) => match self.probe_ty_var(ty_vid) {
+                Err(universe) => Some(universe),
+                Ok(_) => None,
+            },
+            IntVar(_) | FloatVar(_) | FreshTy(_) | FreshIntTy(_) | FreshFloatTy(_) => None,
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn universe_of_ct(&self, ct: ty::InferConst<'tcx>) -> Option<ty::UniverseIndex> {
+        use ty::InferConst::*;
+        match ct {
+            // Same issue as with `universe_of_ty`
+            Var(ct_vid) => match self.probe_const_var(ct_vid) {
+                Err(universe) => Some(universe),
+                Ok(_) => None,
+            },
+            Fresh(_) => None,
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn universe_of_lt(&self, lt: ty::RegionVid) -> Option<ty::UniverseIndex> {
+        Some(self.universe_of_region_vid(lt))
+    }
+}
+
 /// See the `error_reporting` module for more details.
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, TypeFoldable, TypeVisitable)]
 pub enum ValuePairs<'tcx> {
@@ -1068,6 +1101,11 @@ impl<'tcx> InferCtxt<'tcx> {
         self.inner.borrow_mut().unwrap_region_constraints().universe(r)
     }
 
+    /// Return the universe that the region variable `r` was created in.
+    pub fn universe_of_region_vid(&self, vid: ty::RegionVid) -> ty::UniverseIndex {
+        self.inner.borrow_mut().unwrap_region_constraints().var_universe(vid)
+    }
+
     /// Number of region variables created so far.
     pub fn num_region_vars(&self) -> usize {
         self.inner.borrow_mut().unwrap_region_constraints().num_region_vars()