Safe Transmute: Enable handling references, including recursive types

This patch enables support for references in Safe Transmute, by generating
nested obligations during trait selection. Specifically, when we call
`confirm_transmutability_candidate(...)`, we now recursively traverse the
`rustc_transmute::Answer` tree and create obligations for all the `Answer`
variants, some of which include multiple nested `Answer`s.

Also, to handle recursive types, enable support for coinduction for the Safe
Transmute trait (`BikeshedIntrinsicFrom`) by adding the `#[rustc_coinduction]`
annotation.

Also fix some small logic issues when reducing the `or` and `and` combinations
in `rustc_transmute`, so that we don't end up with additional redundant
`Answer`s in the tree.

Co-authored-by: Jack Wrenn <jack@wrenn.fyi>

compiler/rustc_transmute/src/layout/mod.rs

@@ -30,33 +30,46 @@ impl fmt::Debug for Byte {
 }
 
 pub(crate) trait Def: Debug + Hash + Eq + PartialEq + Copy + Clone {}
-pub trait Ref: Debug + Hash + Eq + PartialEq + Copy + Clone {}
+pub trait Ref: Debug + Hash + Eq + PartialEq + Copy + Clone {
+    fn min_align(&self) -> usize {
+        1
+    }
+
+    fn is_mutable(&self) -> bool {
+        false
+    }
+}
 
 impl Def for ! {}
 impl Ref for ! {}
 
 #[cfg(feature = "rustc")]
-pub(crate) mod rustc {
+pub mod rustc {
     use rustc_middle::mir::Mutability;
-    use rustc_middle::ty;
-    use rustc_middle::ty::Region;
-    use rustc_middle::ty::Ty;
+    use rustc_middle::ty::{self, Ty};
 
     /// A reference in the layout.
     #[derive(Debug, Hash, Eq, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Ord, Clone, Copy)]
     pub struct Ref<'tcx> {
-        lifetime: Region<'tcx>,
-        ty: Ty<'tcx>,
-        mutability: Mutability,
+        pub lifetime: ty::Region<'tcx>,
+        pub ty: Ty<'tcx>,
+        pub mutability: Mutability,
+        pub align: usize,
     }
 
-    impl<'tcx> super::Ref for Ref<'tcx> {}
+    impl<'tcx> super::Ref for Ref<'tcx> {
+        fn min_align(&self) -> usize {
+            self.align
+        }
 
-    impl<'tcx> Ref<'tcx> {
-        pub fn min_align(&self) -> usize {
-            todo!()
+        fn is_mutable(&self) -> bool {
+            match self.mutability {
+                Mutability::Mut => true,
+                Mutability::Not => false,
+            }
         }
     }
+    impl<'tcx> Ref<'tcx> {}
 
     /// A visibility node in the layout.
     #[derive(Debug, Hash, Eq, PartialEq, Clone, Copy)]

compiler/rustc_transmute/src/layout/tree.rs

@@ -365,6 +365,17 @@ pub(crate) mod rustc {
                         }
                     }))
                 }
+
+                ty::Ref(lifetime, ty, mutability) => {
+                    let align = layout_of(tcx, *ty)?.align();
+                    Ok(Tree::Ref(Ref {
+                        lifetime: *lifetime,
+                        ty: *ty,
+                        mutability: *mutability,
+                        align,
+                    }))
+                }
+
                 _ => Err(Err::Unspecified),
             }
         }