Add unsigned_offset_from on pointers

Like we have `add`/`sub` which are the `usize` version of `offset`, this adds the `usize` equivalent of `offset_from`.  Like how `.add(d)` replaced a whole bunch of `.offset(d as isize)`, you can see from the changes here that it's fairly common that code actually knows the order between the pointers and *wants* a `usize`, not an `isize`.

As a bonus, this can do `sub nuw`+`udiv exact`, rather than `sub`+`sdiv exact`, which can be optimized slightly better because it doesn't have to worry about negatives.  That's why the slice iterators weren't using `offset_from`, though I haven't updated that code in this PR because slices are so perf-critical that I'll do it as its own change.

This is an intrinsic, like `offset_from`, so that it can eventually be allowed in CTFE.  It also allows checking the extra safety condition -- see the test confirming that CTFE catches it if you pass the pointers in the wrong order.

compiler/rustc_span/src/symbol.rs

@@ -1079,6 +1079,7 @@ symbols! {
         ptr_null,
         ptr_null_mut,
         ptr_offset_from,
+        ptr_offset_from_unsigned,
         pub_macro_rules,
         pub_restricted,
         pure,