Rollup merge of #77170 - ecstatic-morse:const-fn-ptr, r=oli-obk

Remove `#[rustc_allow_const_fn_ptr]` and add `#![feature(const_fn_fn_ptr_basics)]`

`rustc_allow_const_fn_ptr` was a hack to work around the lack of an escape hatch for the "min `const fn`" checks in const-stable functions. Now that we have co-opted `allow_internal_unstable` for this purpose, we no longer need a bespoke attribute.

Now this functionality is gated under `const_fn_fn_ptr_basics` (how concise!), and `#[allow_internal_unstable(const_fn_fn_ptr_basics)]` replaces `#[rustc_allow_const_fn_ptr]`. `const_fn_fn_ptr_basics` allows function pointer types to appear in the arguments and locals of a `const fn` as well as function pointer casts to be performed inside a `const fn`. Both of these were allowed in constants and statics already. Notably, this does **not** allow users to invoke function pointers in a const context. Presumably, we will use a nicer name for that (`const_fn_ptr`?).

r? @oli-obk

compiler/rustc_span/src/symbol.rs

@@ -353,6 +353,7 @@ symbols! {
         const_extern_fn,
         const_fn,
         const_fn_floating_point_arithmetic,
+        const_fn_fn_ptr_basics,
         const_fn_transmute,
         const_fn_union,
         const_generics,
@@ -884,7 +885,6 @@ symbols! {
         rustc,
         rustc_allocator,
         rustc_allocator_nounwind,
-        rustc_allow_const_fn_ptr,
         rustc_args_required_const,
         rustc_attrs,
         rustc_builtin_macro,