Add --extern-loc to augment unused crate dependency diagnostics

This allows a build system to indicate a location in its own dependency
specification files (eg Cargo's `Cargo.toml`) which can be reported
along side any unused crate dependency.

This supports several types of location:
 - 'json' - provide some json-structured data, which is included in the json diagnostics
     in a `tool_metadata` field
 - 'raw' - emit the provided string into the output. This also appears as a json string in
     `tool_metadata`.

If no `--extern-location` is explicitly provided then a default json entry of the form
`"tool_metadata":{"name":<cratename>,"path":<cratepath>}` is emitted.

compiler/rustc_session/src/options.rs

@@ -112,6 +112,7 @@ top_level_options!(
         borrowck_mode: BorrowckMode [UNTRACKED],
         cg: CodegenOptions [TRACKED],
         externs: Externs [UNTRACKED],
+        extern_dep_specs: ExternDepSpecs [UNTRACKED],
         crate_name: Option<String> [TRACKED],
         // An optional name to use as the crate for std during std injection,
         // written `extern crate name as std`. Defaults to `std`. Used by