Add support for cfg(overflow_checks)

This PR adds support for detecting if overflow checks are enabled in similar fashion as debug_assertions are detected.
Possible use-case of this, for example, if we want to use checked integer casts in builds with overflow checks, e.g.

```rust
pub fn cast(val: usize)->u16 {
    if cfg!(overflow_checks) {
        val.try_into().unwrap()
    }
    else{
        vas as _
    }
}
```

Resolves #91130.
Tracking issue: #111466.

compiler/rustc_feature/src/active.rs

@@ -321,6 +321,8 @@ declare_features! (
     (active, c_unwind, "1.52.0", Some(74990), None),
     /// Allows using C-variadics.
     (active, c_variadic, "1.34.0", Some(44930), None),
+    /// Allows the use of `#[cfg(overflow_checks)` to check if integer overflow behaviour.
+    (active, cfg_overflow_checks, "CURRENT_RUSTC_VERSION", Some(111466), None),
     /// Allows the use of `#[cfg(sanitize = "option")]`; set when -Zsanitizer is used.
     (active, cfg_sanitize, "1.41.0", Some(39699), None),
     /// Allows `cfg(target_abi = "...")`.

compiler/rustc_feature/src/builtin_attrs.rs

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ pub type GatedCfg = (Symbol, Symbol, GateFn);
 /// `cfg(...)`'s that are feature gated.
 const GATED_CFGS: &[GatedCfg] = &[
     // (name in cfg, feature, function to check if the feature is enabled)
+    (sym::overflow_checks, sym::cfg_overflow_checks, cfg_fn!(cfg_overflow_checks)),
     (sym::target_abi, sym::cfg_target_abi, cfg_fn!(cfg_target_abi)),
     (sym::target_thread_local, sym::cfg_target_thread_local, cfg_fn!(cfg_target_thread_local)),
     (