Add LLVM KCFI support to the Rust compiler

This commit adds LLVM Kernel Control Flow Integrity (KCFI) support to
the Rust compiler. It initially provides forward-edge control flow
protection for operating systems kernels for Rust-compiled code only by
aggregating function pointers in groups identified by their return and
parameter types. (See llvm/llvm-project@cff5bef.)

Forward-edge control flow protection for C or C++ and Rust -compiled
code "mixed binaries" (i.e., for when C or C++ and Rust -compiled code
share the same virtual address space) will be provided in later work as
part of this project by identifying C char and integer type uses at the
time types are encoded (see Type metadata in the design document in the
tracking issue #89653).

LLVM KCFI can be enabled with -Zsanitizer=kcfi.

Co-authored-by: bjorn3 <17426603+bjorn3@users.noreply.github.com>

compiler/rustc_feature/src/builtin_attrs.rs

@@ -394,7 +394,7 @@ pub const BUILTIN_ATTRIBUTES: &[BuiltinAttribute] = &[
     ungated!(instruction_set, Normal, template!(List: "set"), ErrorPreceding),
     gated!(
         no_sanitize, Normal,
-        template!(List: "address, memory, thread"), DuplicatesOk,
+        template!(List: "address, kcfi, memory, thread"), DuplicatesOk,
         experimental!(no_sanitize)
     ),
     gated!(no_coverage, Normal, template!(Word), WarnFollowing, experimental!(no_coverage)),