Clean up config mess.

`parse_cfgspecs` and `parse_check_cfg` run very early, before the main
interner is running. They each use a short-lived interner and convert
all interned symbols to strings in their output data structures. Once
the main interner starts up, these data structures get converted into
new data structures that are identical except with the strings converted
to symbols.

All is not obvious from the current code, which is a mess, particularly
with inconsistent naming that obscures the parallel string/symbol data
structures. This commit clean things up a lot.

- The existing `CheckCfg` type is generic, allowing both
  `CheckCfg<String>` and `CheckCfg<Symbol>` forms. This is really
  useful, but it defaults to `String`. The commit removes the default so
  we have to use `CheckCfg<String>` and `CheckCfg<Symbol>` explicitly,
  which makes things clearer.

- Introduces `Cfg`, which is generic over `String` and `Symbol`, similar
  to `CheckCfg`.

- Renames some things.
  - `parse_cfgspecs` -> `parse_cfg`
  - `CfgSpecs` -> `Cfg<String>`, plus it's used in more places, rather
    than the underlying `FxHashSet` type.
  - `CrateConfig` -> `Cfg<Symbol>`.
  - `CrateCheckConfig` -> `CheckCfg<Symbol>`

- Adds some comments explaining the string-to-symbol conversions.

- `to_crate_check_config`, which converts `CheckCfg<String>` to
  `CheckCfg<Symbol>`, is inlined and removed and combined with the
  overly-general `CheckCfg::map_data` to produce
  `CheckCfg::<String>::intern`.

- `build_configuration` now does the `Cfg<String>`-to-`Cfg<Symbol>`
  conversion, so callers don't need to, which removes the need for
  `to_crate_config`.

The diff for two of the fields in `Config` is a good example of the
improved clarity:
```
-    pub crate_cfg: FxHashSet<(String, Option<String>)>,
-    pub crate_check_cfg: CheckCfg,
+    pub crate_cfg: Cfg<String>,
+    pub crate_check_cfg: CheckCfg<String>,
```
Compare that with the diff for the corresponding fields in `ParseSess`,
and the relationship to `Config` is much clearer than before:
```
-    pub config: CrateConfig,
-    pub check_config: CrateCheckConfig,
+    pub config: Cfg<Symbol>,
+    pub check_config: CheckCfg<Symbol>,
```

compiler/rustc_session/src/parse.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 //! Contains `ParseSess` which holds state living beyond what one `Parser` might.
 //! It also serves as an input to the parser itself.
 
-use crate::config::CheckCfg;
+use crate::config::{Cfg, CheckCfg};
 use crate::errors::{
     CliFeatureDiagnosticHelp, FeatureDiagnosticForIssue, FeatureDiagnosticHelp, FeatureGateError,
 };
@@ -25,11 +25,6 @@ use rustc_span::{Span, Symbol};
 use rustc_ast::attr::AttrIdGenerator;
 use std::str;
 
-/// The set of keys (and, optionally, values) that define the compilation
-/// environment of the crate, used to drive conditional compilation.
-pub type CrateConfig = FxHashSet<(Symbol, Option<Symbol>)>;
-pub type CrateCheckConfig = CheckCfg<Symbol>;
-
 /// Collected spans during parsing for places where a certain feature was
 /// used and should be feature gated accordingly in `check_crate`.
 #[derive(Default)]
@@ -193,8 +188,8 @@ pub fn add_feature_diagnostics_for_issue(
 pub struct ParseSess {
     pub span_diagnostic: Handler,
     pub unstable_features: UnstableFeatures,
-    pub config: CrateConfig,
-    pub check_config: CrateCheckConfig,
+    pub config: Cfg<Symbol>,
+    pub check_config: CheckCfg<Symbol>,
     pub edition: Edition,
     /// Places where raw identifiers were used. This is used to avoid complaining about idents
     /// clashing with keywords in new editions.
@@ -237,8 +232,8 @@ impl ParseSess {
         Self {
             span_diagnostic: handler,
             unstable_features: UnstableFeatures::from_environment(None),
-            config: FxHashSet::default(),
-            check_config: CrateCheckConfig::default(),
+            config: Cfg::default(),
+            check_config: CheckCfg::default(),
             edition: ExpnId::root().expn_data().edition,
             raw_identifier_spans: Default::default(),
             bad_unicode_identifiers: Lock::new(Default::default()),