Stop using String for error codes.

Error codes are integers, but `String` is used everywhere to represent
them. Gross!

This commit introduces `ErrCode`, an integral newtype for error codes,
replacing `String`. It also introduces a constant for every error code,
e.g. `E0123`, and removes the `error_code!` macro. The constants are
imported wherever used with `use rustc_errors::codes::*`.

With the old code, we have three different ways to specify an error code
at a use point:
```
error_code!(E0123)  // macro call

struct_span_code_err!(dcx, span, E0123, "msg");  // bare ident arg to macro call

\#[diag(name, code = "E0123")]  // string
struct Diag;
```

With the new code, they all use the `E0123` constant.
```
E0123  // constant

struct_span_code_err!(dcx, span, E0123, "msg");  // constant

\#[diag(name, code = E0123)]  // constant
struct Diag;
```

The commit also changes the structure of the error code definitions:
- `rustc_error_codes` now just defines a higher-order macro listing the
  used error codes and nothing else.
- Because that's now the only thing in the `rustc_error_codes` crate, I
  moved it into the `lib.rs` file and removed the `error_codes.rs` file.
- `rustc_errors` uses that macro to define everything, e.g. the error
  code constants and the `DIAGNOSTIC_TABLES`. This is in its new
  `codes.rs` file.

compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/coherence/mod.rs

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 // mappings. That mapping code resides here.
 
 use crate::errors;
-use rustc_errors::{error_code, struct_span_code_err};
+use rustc_errors::{codes::*, struct_span_code_err};
 use rustc_hir::def_id::{DefId, LocalDefId};
 use rustc_middle::query::Providers;
 use rustc_middle::ty::{self, TyCtxt, TypeVisitableExt};
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ fn enforce_trait_manually_implementable(
         // Maintain explicit error code for `Unsize`, since it has a useful
         // explanation about using `CoerceUnsized` instead.
         if Some(trait_def_id) == tcx.lang_items().unsize_trait() {
-            err.code(error_code!(E0328));
+            err.code(E0328);
         }
 
         return Err(err.emit());