Revise the const_nonmatching flag with more info about author's intent.

In particular, I want authors of deriving modes to understand what
they are opting into (namely quadratic code size or worse) when they
select NonMatchesExplode.

src/libsyntax/ext/deriving/clone.rs

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ pub fn expand_deriving_clone(cx: &mut ExtCtxt,
                 args: Vec::new(),
                 ret_ty: Self,
                 attributes: attrs,
-                const_nonmatching: false,
+                on_nonmatching: NonMatchHandlingIrrelevant,
                 combine_substructure: combine_substructure(|c, s, sub| {
                     cs_clone("Clone", c, s, sub)
                 }),

src/libsyntax/ext/deriving/cmp/eq.rs

@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ pub fn expand_deriving_eq(cx: &mut ExtCtxt,
                 args: vec!(borrowed_self()),
                 ret_ty: Literal(Path::new(vec!("bool"))),
                 attributes: attrs,
-                const_nonmatching: true,
+                on_nonmatching: NonMatchesCollapse,
                 combine_substructure: combine_substructure(|a, b, c| {
                     $f(a, b, c)
                 })

src/libsyntax/ext/deriving/cmp/ord.rs

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ pub fn expand_deriving_ord(cx: &mut ExtCtxt,
                 args: vec!(borrowed_self()),
                 ret_ty: Literal(Path::new(vec!("bool"))),
                 attributes: attrs,
-                const_nonmatching: false,
+                on_nonmatching: NonMatchesExplode,
                 combine_substructure: combine_substructure(|cx, span, substr| {
                     cs_op($op, $equal, cx, span, substr)
                 })
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ pub fn expand_deriving_ord(cx: &mut ExtCtxt,
         args: vec![borrowed_self()],
         ret_ty: ret_ty,
         attributes: attrs,
-        const_nonmatching: false,
+        on_nonmatching: NonMatchesExplode,
         combine_substructure: combine_substructure(|cx, span, substr| {
             cs_partial_cmp(cx, span, substr)
         })

src/libsyntax/ext/deriving/cmp/totaleq.rs

@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ pub fn expand_deriving_totaleq(cx: &mut ExtCtxt,
                 args: vec!(),
                 ret_ty: nil_ty(),
                 attributes: attrs,
-                const_nonmatching: true,
+                on_nonmatching: NonMatchesCollapse,
                 combine_substructure: combine_substructure(|a, b, c| {
                     cs_total_eq_assert(a, b, c)
                 })

src/libsyntax/ext/deriving/cmp/totalord.rs

@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ pub fn expand_deriving_totalord(cx: &mut ExtCtxt,
                 args: vec!(borrowed_self()),
                 ret_ty: Literal(Path::new(vec!("std", "cmp", "Ordering"))),
                 attributes: attrs,
-                const_nonmatching: false,
+                on_nonmatching: NonMatchesExplode,
                 combine_substructure: combine_substructure(|a, b, c| {
                     cs_cmp(a, b, c)
                 }),

src/libsyntax/ext/deriving/decodable.rs

@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ pub fn expand_deriving_decodable(cx: &mut ExtCtxt,
                                           vec!(box Self,
                                                box Literal(Path::new_local("__E"))), true)),
                 attributes: Vec::new(),
-                const_nonmatching: true,
+                on_nonmatching: NonMatchHandlingIrrelevant,
                 combine_substructure: combine_substructure(|a, b, c| {
                     decodable_substructure(a, b, c)
                 }),

src/libsyntax/ext/deriving/default.rs

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ pub fn expand_deriving_default(cx: &mut ExtCtxt,
                 args: Vec::new(),
                 ret_ty: Self,
                 attributes: attrs,
-                const_nonmatching: false,
+                on_nonmatching: NonMatchHandlingIrrelevant,
                 combine_substructure: combine_substructure(|a, b, c| {
                     default_substructure(a, b, c)
                 })

src/libsyntax/ext/deriving/encodable.rs

@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ pub fn expand_deriving_encodable(cx: &mut ExtCtxt,
                                                 box Literal(Path::new_local("__E"))),
                                            true)),
                 attributes: Vec::new(),
-                const_nonmatching: true,
+                on_nonmatching: NonMatchHandlingIrrelevant,
                 combine_substructure: combine_substructure(|a, b, c| {
                     encodable_substructure(a, b, c)
                 }),

src/libsyntax/ext/deriving/generic/mod.rs

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@
 //!   same variant of the enum (e.g. `Some(1)`, `Some(3)` and `Some(4)`)
 //! - `EnumNonMatching` when `Self` is an enum and the arguments are not
 //!   the same variant (e.g. `None`, `Some(1)` and `None`). If
-//!   `const_nonmatching` is true, this will contain an empty list.
+//!   `on_nonmatching == NonMatchesCollapse`, this will contain an empty list.
 //! - `StaticEnum` and `StaticStruct` for static methods, where the type
 //!   being derived upon is either an enum or struct respectively. (Any
 //!   argument with type Self is just grouped among the non-self
@@ -172,6 +172,7 @@
 //!                                   (<ident of C1>, <span of C1>,
 //!                                    Named(~[(<ident of x>, <span of x>)]))])
 //! ~~~
+//!
 
 use std::cell::RefCell;
 use std::gc::{Gc, GC};
@@ -212,6 +213,12 @@ pub struct TraitDef<'a> {
     pub methods: Vec<MethodDef<'a>>,
 }
 
+#[deriving(PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum HandleNonMatchingEnums {
+    NonMatchesCollapse, // handle all non-matches via one `_ => ..` clause
+    NonMatchesExplode, // handle via n^k cases for n variants and k self-args
+    NonMatchHandlingIrrelevant, // cannot encounter two enums of Self type
+}
 
 pub struct MethodDef<'a> {
     /// name of the method
@@ -232,9 +239,17 @@ pub struct MethodDef<'a> {
 
     pub attributes: Vec<ast::Attribute>,
 
-    /// if the value of the nonmatching enums is independent of the
+    /// How to handle nonmatching enums; `NonMatchesCollapse`
-    /// actual enum variants, i.e. can use _ => .. match.
+    /// indicates value is independent of the actual enum variants,
-    pub const_nonmatching: bool,
+    /// i.e. can use _ => .. match.
+    ///
+    /// Note that if this is `NonMatchesExplode`, then deriving will
+    /// generate `Omega(n^k)` code, where `n` is the number of
+    /// variants and `k` is the number of arguments of `Self` type for
+    /// the method (including the `self` argument, if any).  Strive to
+    /// avoid use of `NonMatchesExplode`, to avoid generating
+    /// quadratic amounts of code (#15375) or worse.
+    pub on_nonmatching: HandleNonMatchingEnums,
 
     pub combine_substructure: RefCell<CombineSubstructureFunc<'a>>,
 }
@@ -758,7 +773,7 @@ impl<'a> MethodDef<'a> {
         A2(int)
     }
 
-    // is equivalent to (with const_nonmatching == false)
+    // is equivalent to (with on_nonmatching == NonMatchesExplode)
 
     impl PartialEq for A {
         fn eq(&self, __arg_1: &A) {
@@ -893,7 +908,9 @@ impl<'a> MethodDef<'a> {
 
             // the code for nonmatching variants only matters when
             // we've seen at least one other variant already
-            if self.const_nonmatching && match_count > 0 {
+            assert!(match_count == 0 ||
+                    self.on_nonmatching != NonMatchHandlingIrrelevant);
+            if self.on_nonmatching == NonMatchesCollapse && match_count > 0 {
                 // make a matching-variant match, and a _ match.
                 let index = match matching {
                     Some(i) => i,

src/libsyntax/ext/deriving/hash.rs

@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ pub fn expand_deriving_hash(cx: &mut ExtCtxt,
                 args: vec!(Ptr(box Literal(args), Borrowed(None, MutMutable))),
                 ret_ty: nil_ty(),
                 attributes: attrs,
-                const_nonmatching: false,
+                on_nonmatching: NonMatchHandlingIrrelevant,
                 combine_substructure: combine_substructure(|a, b, c| {
                     hash_substructure(a, b, c)
                 })

src/libsyntax/ext/deriving/primitive.rs

@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ pub fn expand_deriving_from_primitive(cx: &mut ExtCtxt,
                                            true)),
                 // #[inline] liable to cause code-bloat
                 attributes: attrs.clone(),
-                const_nonmatching: false,
+                on_nonmatching: NonMatchHandlingIrrelevant,
                 combine_substructure: combine_substructure(|c, s, sub| {
                     cs_from("i64", c, s, sub)
                 }),
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ pub fn expand_deriving_from_primitive(cx: &mut ExtCtxt,
                                            true)),
                 // #[inline] liable to cause code-bloat
                 attributes: attrs,
-                const_nonmatching: false,
+                on_nonmatching: NonMatchHandlingIrrelevant,
                 combine_substructure: combine_substructure(|c, s, sub| {
                     cs_from("u64", c, s, sub)
                 }),

src/libsyntax/ext/deriving/rand.rs

@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ pub fn expand_deriving_rand(cx: &mut ExtCtxt,
                 ),
                 ret_ty: Self,
                 attributes: Vec::new(),
-                const_nonmatching: false,
+                on_nonmatching: NonMatchHandlingIrrelevant,
                 combine_substructure: combine_substructure(|a, b, c| {
                     rand_substructure(a, b, c)
                 })

src/libsyntax/ext/deriving/show.rs

@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ pub fn expand_deriving_show(cx: &mut ExtCtxt,
                 args: vec!(fmtr),
                 ret_ty: Literal(Path::new(vec!("std", "fmt", "Result"))),
                 attributes: Vec::new(),
-                const_nonmatching: false,
+                on_nonmatching: NonMatchHandlingIrrelevant,
                 combine_substructure: combine_substructure(|a, b, c| {
                     show_substructure(a, b, c)
                 })

src/libsyntax/ext/deriving/zero.rs

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ pub fn expand_deriving_zero(cx: &mut ExtCtxt,
                 args: Vec::new(),
                 ret_ty: Self,
                 attributes: attrs.clone(),
-                const_nonmatching: false,
+                on_nonmatching: NonMatchHandlingIrrelevant,
                 combine_substructure: combine_substructure(|a, b, c| {
                     zero_substructure(a, b, c)
                 })
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ pub fn expand_deriving_zero(cx: &mut ExtCtxt,
                 args: Vec::new(),
                 ret_ty: Literal(Path::new(vec!("bool"))),
                 attributes: attrs,
-                const_nonmatching: false,
+                on_nonmatching: NonMatchHandlingIrrelevant,
                 combine_substructure: combine_substructure(|cx, span, substr| {
                     cs_and(|cx, span, _, _| cx.span_bug(span,
                                                         "Non-matching enum \