Rollup merge of #124013 - RalfJung:box-to-raw, r=oli-obk

Box::into_raw: make Miri understand that this is a box-to-raw cast

Turns out https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/122647 went a bit too far in cleaning up `Box`... we still need a hack in `Box::into_raw`. The nicer fix would be to make Stacked Borrows not care about reference-to-raw-pointer casts, but it's unclear whether that will ever be possible without going to full Tree Borrows.

Fixes https://github.com/rust-lang/miri/issues/3473.

library/alloc/src/boxed.rs

@@ -1058,7 +1058,8 @@ impl<T: ?Sized, A: Allocator> Box<T, A> {
     #[stable(feature = "box_raw", since = "1.4.0")]
     #[inline]
     pub fn into_raw(b: Self) -> *mut T {
-        Self::into_raw_with_allocator(b).0
+        // Make sure Miri realizes that we transition from a noalias pointer to a raw pointer here.
+        unsafe { addr_of_mut!(*&mut *Self::into_raw_with_allocator(b).0) }
     }
 
     /// Consumes the `Box`, returning a wrapped raw pointer and the allocator.
@@ -1112,7 +1113,10 @@ impl<T: ?Sized, A: Allocator> Box<T, A> {
     pub fn into_raw_with_allocator(b: Self) -> (*mut T, A) {
         let mut b = mem::ManuallyDrop::new(b);
         // We carefully get the raw pointer out in a way that Miri's aliasing model understands what
-        // is happening: using the primitive "deref" of `Box`.
+        // is happening: using the primitive "deref" of `Box`. In case `A` is *not* `Global`, we
+        // want *no* aliasing requirements here!
+        // In case `A` *is* `Global`, this does not quite have the right behavior; `into_raw`
+        // works around that.
         let ptr = addr_of_mut!(**b);
         let alloc = unsafe { ptr::read(&b.1) };
         (ptr, alloc)

src/tools/miri/tests/fail/both_borrows/newtype_pair_retagging.stack.stderr

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ LL |         Box(unsafe { Unique::new_unchecked(raw) }, alloc)
    |
    = help: this indicates a potential bug in the program: it performed an invalid operation, but the Stacked Borrows rules it violated are still experimental
    = help: see https://github.com/rust-lang/unsafe-code-guidelines/blob/master/wip/stacked-borrows.md for further information
-help: <TAG> was created by a Unique retag at offsets [0x0..0x4]
+help: <TAG> was created by a SharedReadWrite retag at offsets [0x0..0x4]
   --> $DIR/newtype_pair_retagging.rs:LL:CC
    |
 LL |     let ptr = Box::into_raw(Box::new(0i32));

src/tools/miri/tests/fail/both_borrows/newtype_retagging.stack.stderr

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ LL |         Box(unsafe { Unique::new_unchecked(raw) }, alloc)
    |
    = help: this indicates a potential bug in the program: it performed an invalid operation, but the Stacked Borrows rules it violated are still experimental
    = help: see https://github.com/rust-lang/unsafe-code-guidelines/blob/master/wip/stacked-borrows.md for further information
-help: <TAG> was created by a Unique retag at offsets [0x0..0x4]
+help: <TAG> was created by a SharedReadWrite retag at offsets [0x0..0x4]
   --> $DIR/newtype_retagging.rs:LL:CC
    |
 LL |     let ptr = Box::into_raw(Box::new(0i32));

src/tools/miri/tests/pass/issues/issue-miri-3473.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+//@revisions: stack tree
+//@[tree]compile-flags: -Zmiri-tree-borrows
+use std::cell::UnsafeCell;
+
+#[repr(C)]
+#[derive(Default)]
+struct Node {
+    _meta: UnsafeCell<usize>,
+    value: usize,
+}
+
+impl Node {
+    fn value(&self) -> &usize {
+        &self.value
+    }
+}
+
+/// This used to cause Stacked Borrows errors because of trouble around conversion
+/// from Box to raw pointer.
+fn main() {
+    unsafe {
+        let a = Box::into_raw(Box::new(Node::default()));
+        let ptr = &*a;
+        *UnsafeCell::raw_get(a.cast::<UnsafeCell<usize>>()) = 2;
+        assert_eq!(*ptr.value(), 0);
+        drop(Box::from_raw(a));
+    }
+}

src/tools/miri/tests/pass/stacked-borrows/stacked-borrows.rs

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ fn main() {
     wide_raw_ptr_in_tuple();
     not_unpin_not_protected();
     write_does_not_invalidate_all_aliases();
+    box_into_raw_allows_interior_mutable_alias();
 }
 
 // Make sure that reading from an `&mut` does, like reborrowing to `&`,
@@ -263,3 +264,14 @@ fn write_does_not_invalidate_all_aliases() {
     other::lib2();
     assert_eq!(*x, 1337); // oops, the value changed! I guess not all pointers were invalidated
 }
+
+fn box_into_raw_allows_interior_mutable_alias() { unsafe {
+    let b = Box::new(std::cell::Cell::new(42));
+    let raw = Box::into_raw(b);
+    let c = &*raw;
+    let d = raw.cast::<i32>(); // bypassing `Cell` -- only okay in Miri tests
+    // `c` and `d` should permit arbitrary aliasing with each other now.
+    *d = 1;
+    c.set(2);
+    drop(Box::from_raw(raw));
+} }