Auto merge of #87254 - rusticstuff:rustc_codegen_llvm_dont_emit_zero_sized_padding, r=eddyb

LLVM codegen: Don't emit zero-sized padding for fields

Currently padding is emitted before fields of a struct and at the end of the struct regardless of the ABI. Even if no padding is required zero-sized padding fields are emitted. This is not useful and - more importantly - it make it impossible to generate the exact vector types that LLVM expects for certain ARM SIMD intrinsics. This change should unblock the implementation of many ARM intrinsics using the `unadjusted` ABI, see https://github.com/rust-lang/stdarch/issues/1143#issuecomment-827404092.

This is a proof of concept only because the field lookup now takes O(number of fields) time compared to O(1) before since it recalculates the mapping at every lookup. I would like to find out how big the performance impact actually is before implementing caching or restricting this behavior to the `unadjusted` ABI.

cc `@SparrowLii` `@bjorn3`

([Discussion on internals](https://internals.rust-lang.org/t/feature-request-add-a-way-in-rustc-for-generating-struct-type-llvm-ir-without-paddings/15007))

compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/context.rs

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ use rustc_span::source_map::{Span, DUMMY_SP};
 use rustc_span::symbol::Symbol;
 use rustc_target::abi::{HasDataLayout, LayoutOf, PointeeInfo, Size, TargetDataLayout, VariantIdx};
 use rustc_target::spec::{HasTargetSpec, RelocModel, Target, TlsModel};
+use smallvec::SmallVec;
 
 use std::cell::{Cell, RefCell};
 use std::ffi::CStr;
@@ -74,8 +75,12 @@ pub struct CodegenCx<'ll, 'tcx> {
     /// See <https://llvm.org/docs/LangRef.html#the-llvm-used-global-variable> for details
     pub used_statics: RefCell<Vec<&'ll Value>>,
 
-    pub lltypes: RefCell<FxHashMap<(Ty<'tcx>, Option<VariantIdx>), &'ll Type>>,
+    /// Mapping of non-scalar types to llvm types and field remapping if needed.
+    pub type_lowering: RefCell<FxHashMap<(Ty<'tcx>, Option<VariantIdx>), TypeLowering<'ll>>>,
+
+    /// Mapping of scalar types to llvm types.
     pub scalar_lltypes: RefCell<FxHashMap<Ty<'tcx>, &'ll Type>>,
+
     pub pointee_infos: RefCell<FxHashMap<(Ty<'tcx>, Size), Option<PointeeInfo>>>,
     pub isize_ty: &'ll Type,
 
@@ -92,6 +97,15 @@ pub struct CodegenCx<'ll, 'tcx> {
     local_gen_sym_counter: Cell<usize>,
 }
 
+pub struct TypeLowering<'ll> {
+    /// Associated LLVM type
+    pub lltype: &'ll Type,
+
+    /// If padding is used the slice maps fields from source order
+    /// to llvm order.
+    pub field_remapping: Option<SmallVec<[u32; 4]>>,
+}
+
 fn to_llvm_tls_model(tls_model: TlsModel) -> llvm::ThreadLocalMode {
     match tls_model {
         TlsModel::GeneralDynamic => llvm::ThreadLocalMode::GeneralDynamic,
@@ -304,7 +318,7 @@ impl<'ll, 'tcx> CodegenCx<'ll, 'tcx> {
             const_globals: Default::default(),
             statics_to_rauw: RefCell::new(Vec::new()),
             used_statics: RefCell::new(Vec::new()),
-            lltypes: Default::default(),
+            type_lowering: Default::default(),
             scalar_lltypes: Default::default(),
             pointee_infos: Default::default(),
             isize_ty,