Rollup merge of #110706 - scottmcm:transmute_unchecked, r=oli-obk

Add `intrinsics::transmute_unchecked`

This takes a whole 3 lines in `compiler/` since it lowers to `CastKind::Transmute` in MIR *exactly* the same as the existing `intrinsics::transmute` does, it just doesn't have the fancy checking in `hir_typeck`.

Added to enable experimenting with the request in <https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/106281#issuecomment-1496648190> and because the portable-simd folks might be interested for dependently-sized array-vector conversions.

It also simplifies a couple places in `core`.

See also https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/108442#issuecomment-1474777273, where `CastKind::Transmute` was added having exactly these semantics before the lang meeting (which I wasn't in) independently expressed interest.

library/core/src/array/iter.rs

@@ -3,8 +3,9 @@
 use crate::num::NonZeroUsize;
 use crate::{
     fmt,
+    intrinsics::transmute_unchecked,
     iter::{self, ExactSizeIterator, FusedIterator, TrustedLen},
-    mem::{self, MaybeUninit},
+    mem::MaybeUninit,
     ops::{IndexRange, Range},
     ptr,
 };
@@ -63,18 +64,11 @@ impl<T, const N: usize> IntoIterator for [T; N] {
         // an array of `T`.
         //
         // With that, this initialization satisfies the invariants.
-
-        // FIXME(LukasKalbertodt): actually use `mem::transmute` here, once it
-        // works with const generics:
-        //     `mem::transmute::<[T; N], [MaybeUninit<T>; N]>(array)`
         //
-        // Until then, we can use `mem::transmute_copy` to create a bitwise copy
-        // as a different type, then forget `array` so that it is not dropped.
-        unsafe {
-            let iter = IntoIter { data: mem::transmute_copy(&self), alive: IndexRange::zero_to(N) };
-            mem::forget(self);
-            iter
-        }
+        // FIXME: If normal `transmute` ever gets smart enough to allow this
+        // directly, use it instead of `transmute_unchecked`.
+        let data: [MaybeUninit<T>; N] = unsafe { transmute_unchecked(self) };
+        IntoIter { data, alive: IndexRange::zero_to(N) }
     }
 }
 

library/core/src/intrinsics.rs

@@ -1376,6 +1376,20 @@ extern "rust-intrinsic" {
     #[rustc_nounwind]
     pub fn transmute<Src, Dst>(src: Src) -> Dst;
 
+    /// Like [`transmute`], but even less checked at compile-time: rather than
+    /// giving an error for `size_of::<Src>() != size_of::<Dst>()`, it's
+    /// **Undefined Behaviour** at runtime.
+    ///
+    /// Prefer normal `transmute` where possible, for the extra checking, since
+    /// both do exactly the same thing at runtime, if they both compile.
+    ///
+    /// This is not expected to ever be exposed directly to users, rather it
+    /// may eventually be exposed through some more-constrained API.
+    #[cfg(not(bootstrap))]
+    #[rustc_const_stable(feature = "const_transmute", since = "1.56.0")]
+    #[rustc_nounwind]
+    pub fn transmute_unchecked<Src, Dst>(src: Src) -> Dst;
+
     /// Returns `true` if the actual type given as `T` requires drop
     /// glue; returns `false` if the actual type provided for `T`
     /// implements `Copy`.
@@ -2798,3 +2812,11 @@ pub const unsafe fn write_bytes<T>(dst: *mut T, val: u8, count: usize) {
         write_bytes(dst, val, count)
     }
 }
+
+/// Polyfill for bootstrap
+#[cfg(bootstrap)]
+pub const unsafe fn transmute_unchecked<Src, Dst>(src: Src) -> Dst {
+    use crate::mem::*;
+    // SAFETY: It's a transmute -- the caller promised it's fine.
+    unsafe { transmute_copy(&ManuallyDrop::new(src)) }
+}

library/core/src/mem/maybe_uninit.rs

@@ -945,14 +945,10 @@ impl<T> MaybeUninit<T> {
         // * `MaybeUninit<T>` and T are guaranteed to have the same layout
         // * `MaybeUninit` does not drop, so there are no double-frees
         // And thus the conversion is safe
-        let ret = unsafe {
+        unsafe {
             intrinsics::assert_inhabited::<[T; N]>();
-            (&array as *const _ as *const [T; N]).read()
-        };
-
-        // FIXME: required to avoid `~const Destruct` bound
-        super::forget(array);
-        ret
+            intrinsics::transmute_unchecked(array)
+        }
     }
 
     /// Assuming all the elements are initialized, get a slice to them.