Add ConstArgKind::Path and make ConstArg its own HIR node

This is a very large commit since a lot needs to be changed in order to
make the tests pass. The salient changes are:

- `ConstArgKind` gets a new `Path` variant, and all const params are now
  represented using it. Non-param paths still use `ConstArgKind::Anon`
  to prevent this change from getting too large, but they will soon use
  the `Path` variant too.

- `ConstArg` gets a distinct `hir_id` field and its own variant in
  `hir::Node`. This affected many parts of the compiler that expected
  the parent of an `AnonConst` to be the containing context (e.g., an
  array repeat expression). They have been changed to check the
  "grandparent" where necessary.

- Some `ast::AnonConst`s now have their `DefId`s created in
  rustc_ast_lowering rather than `DefCollector`. This is because in some
  cases they will end up becoming a `ConstArgKind::Path` instead, which
  has no `DefId`. We have to solve this in a hacky way where we guess
  whether the `AnonConst` could end up as a path const since we can't
  know for sure until after name resolution (`N` could refer to a free
  const or a nullary struct). If it has no chance as being a const
  param, then we create a `DefId` in `DefCollector` -- otherwise we
  decide during ast_lowering. This will have to be updated once all path
  consts use `ConstArgKind::Path`.

- We explicitly use `ConstArgHasType` for array lengths, rather than
  implicitly relying on anon const type feeding -- this is due to the
  addition of `ConstArgKind::Path`.

- Some tests have their outputs changed, but the changes are for the
  most part minor (including removing duplicate or almost-duplicate
  errors). One test now ICEs, but it is for an incomplete, unstable
  feature and is now tracked at #127009.

compiler/rustc_resolve/src/def_collector.rs

@@ -312,8 +312,19 @@ impl<'a, 'b, 'tcx> visit::Visitor<'a> for DefCollector<'a, 'b, 'tcx> {
     }
 
     fn visit_anon_const(&mut self, constant: &'a AnonConst) {
-        let def = self.create_def(constant.id, kw::Empty, DefKind::AnonConst, constant.value.span);
-        self.with_parent(def, |this| visit::walk_anon_const(this, constant));
+        // HACK(min_generic_const_args): don't create defs for anon consts if we think they will
+        // later be turned into ConstArgKind::Path's. because this is before resolve is done, we
+        // may accidentally identify a construction of a unit struct as a param and not create a
+        // def. we'll then create a def later in ast lowering in this case. the parent of nested
+        // items will be messed up, but that's ok because there can't be any if we're just looking
+        // for bare idents.
+        if constant.value.is_potential_trivial_const_arg() {
+            visit::walk_anon_const(self, constant)
+        } else {
+            let def =
+                self.create_def(constant.id, kw::Empty, DefKind::AnonConst, constant.value.span);
+            self.with_parent(def, |this| visit::walk_anon_const(this, constant));
+        }
     }
 
     fn visit_expr(&mut self, expr: &'a Expr) {