Create stable metric to measure long computation in Const Eval

This patch adds a `MirPass` that tracks the number of back-edges and
function calls in the CFG, adds a new MIR instruction to increment a
counter every time they are encountered during Const Eval, and emit a
warning if a configured limit is breached.

compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/mod.rs

@@ -1461,6 +1461,7 @@ impl Debug for Statement<'_> {
             }
             Coverage(box ref coverage) => write!(fmt, "Coverage::{:?}", coverage.kind),
             Intrinsic(box ref intrinsic) => write!(fmt, "{intrinsic}"),
+            ConstEvalCounter => write!(fmt, "ConstEvalCounter"),
             Nop => write!(fmt, "nop"),
         }
     }