Add tcx.visible_traits() and use it for producing diagnostics

Add an alternative to `tcx.all_traits()` that only shows traits that the
user might be able to use, for diagnostic purposes. With this available,
make use of it for diagnostics including associated type errors, which
is part of the problem with [1].

Includes a few comment updates for related API.

[1]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/135232

compiler/rustc_middle/src/query/mod.rs

@@ -2128,6 +2128,8 @@ rustc_queries! {
         eval_always
         desc { "calculating the stability index for the local crate" }
     }
+    /// All available crates in the graph, including those that should not be user-facing
+    /// (such as private crates).
     query crates(_: ()) -> &'tcx [CrateNum] {
         eval_always
         desc { "fetching all foreign CrateNum instances" }