Implement ByteStr and ByteString types

Approved ACP: https://github.com/rust-lang/libs-team/issues/502
Tracking issue: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/134915

These types represent human-readable strings that are conventionally,
but not always, UTF-8. The `Debug` impl prints non-UTF-8 bytes using
escape sequences, and the `Display` impl uses the Unicode replacement
character.

This is a minimal implementation of these types and associated trait
impls. It does not add any helper methods to other types such as `[u8]`
or `Vec<u8>`.

I've omitted a few implementations of `AsRef`, `AsMut`, `Borrow`,
`From`, and `PartialOrd`, when those would be the second implementation
for a type (counting the `T` impl) or otherwise may cause inference
failures. These impls are important, but we can attempt to add them
later in standalone commits, and run them through crater.

In addition to the `bstr` feature, I've added a `bstr_internals` feature
for APIs provided by `core` for use by `alloc` but not currently
intended for stabilization.

This API and its implementation are based *heavily* on the `bstr` crate
by Andrew Gallant (@BurntSushi).

library/std/src/bstr.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+//! The `ByteStr` and `ByteString` types and trait implementations.
+
+#[unstable(feature = "bstr", issue = "134915")]
+pub use alloc::bstr::{ByteStr, ByteString};

library/std/src/lib.rs

@@ -320,6 +320,8 @@
 // Library features (core):
 // tidy-alphabetical-start
 #![feature(array_chunks)]
+#![feature(bstr)]
+#![feature(bstr_internals)]
 #![feature(c_str_module)]
 #![feature(char_internals)]
 #![feature(clone_to_uninit)]
@@ -580,6 +582,8 @@ pub mod f64;
 pub mod thread;
 pub mod ascii;
 pub mod backtrace;
+#[unstable(feature = "bstr", issue = "134915")]
+pub mod bstr;
 pub mod collections;
 pub mod env;
 pub mod error;