Auto merge of #98112 - saethlin:mir-alignment-checks, r=oli-obk

Insert alignment checks for pointer dereferences when debug assertions are enabled

Closes https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/54915

- [x] Jake tells me this sounds like a place to use `MirPatch`, but I can't figure out how to insert a new basic block with a new terminator in the middle of an existing basic block, using `MirPatch`. (if nobody else backs up this point I'm checking this as "not actually a good idea" because the code looks pretty clean to me after rearranging it a bit)
- [x] Using `CastKind::PointerExposeAddress` is definitely wrong, we don't want to expose. Calling a function to get the pointer address seems quite excessive. ~I'll see if I can add a new `CastKind`.~ `CastKind::Transmute` to the rescue!
- [x] Implement a more helpful panic message like slice bounds checking.

r? `@oli-obk`

compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/mir/block.rs

@@ -600,6 +600,13 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx, Bx: BuilderMethods<'a, 'tcx>> FunctionCx<'a, 'tcx, Bx> {
                 // and `#[track_caller]` adds an implicit third argument.
                 (LangItem::PanicBoundsCheck, vec![index, len, location])
             }
+            AssertKind::MisalignedPointerDereference { ref required, ref found } => {
+                let required = self.codegen_operand(bx, required).immediate();
+                let found = self.codegen_operand(bx, found).immediate();
+                // It's `fn panic_bounds_check(index: usize, len: usize)`,
+                // and `#[track_caller]` adds an implicit third argument.
+                (LangItem::PanicMisalignedPointerDereference, vec![required, found, location])
+            }
             _ => {
                 let msg = bx.const_str(msg.description());
                 // It's `pub fn panic(expr: &str)`, with the wide reference being passed