Rollup merge of #138641 - jieyouxu:print-supported-crate-types, r=Urgau

Add unstable `--print=supported-crate-types` option

MCP: https://github.com/rust-lang/compiler-team/issues/836
Tracking issue: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/138640

### Test coverage

Two tests:

1. `tests/ui/print-request/stability.rs` to check that `--print=supported-crate-types` is `-Zunstable-options`-gated
2. `tests/ui/print-request/supported-crate-types.rs` is added as a basic smoke test. Observe that the compiler stdout corresponds to the below *Example output* section (e.g. `proc-macro` is unsupported on `wasm32-unknown-unknown` currently).

### Example output

<details>
<summary>For `x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu`</summary>

Notice the presence of `{c,}dylib` and `proc-macro`:
```
bin
cdylib
dylib
lib
proc-macro
rlib
staticlib
```
</details>

<details>
<summary>For `wasm32-unknown-unknown`</summary>

Notice the absence of `dylib` and `proc-macro`:
```
bin
cdylib
lib
rlib
staticlib
```
</details>

<details>
<summary>For `x86_64-unknown-linux-musl`</summary>

Notice the absence of `{c,}dylib` but presence of `proc-macro`:
```
bin
lib
proc-macro
rlib
staticlib
```
</details>

### Documentation

I added an entry in the unstable book's print request section to document this `supported-crate-types` print request.

### Unresolved questions

- [ ] (Name bikeshedding) is `supported-crate-types` a good name for the print request? I'm inclined to say it's good enough for an unstable print request, but may be worth revisiting at stabilization time.

### Stability

This print request being added is *unstable* in this PR. A separate stabilization PR following the usual compiler flag stabilization procedure should be filed for stabilization after some baking time.

### Review remarks

Best reviewed commit-by-commit.

r? compiler

compiler/rustc_driver_impl/src/lib.rs

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
 // tidy-alphabetical-end
 
 use std::cmp::max;
-use std::collections::BTreeMap;
+use std::collections::{BTreeMap, BTreeSet};
 use std::ffi::OsString;
 use std::fmt::Write as _;
 use std::fs::{self, File};
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ use rustc_session::config::{
 };
 use rustc_session::getopts::{self, Matches};
 use rustc_session::lint::{Lint, LintId};
-use rustc_session::output::collect_crate_types;
+use rustc_session::output::{CRATE_TYPES, collect_crate_types, invalid_output_for_target};
 use rustc_session::{EarlyDiagCtxt, Session, config, filesearch};
 use rustc_span::FileName;
 use rustc_target::json::ToJson;
@@ -790,6 +790,16 @@ fn print_crate_info(
                     sess.dcx().fatal("only Apple targets currently support deployment version info")
                 }
             }
+            SupportedCrateTypes => {
+                let supported_crate_types = CRATE_TYPES
+                    .iter()
+                    .filter(|(_, crate_type)| !invalid_output_for_target(&sess, *crate_type))
+                    .map(|(crate_type_sym, _)| *crate_type_sym)
+                    .collect::<BTreeSet<_>>();
+                for supported_crate_type in supported_crate_types {
+                    println_info!("{}", supported_crate_type.as_str());
+                }
+            }
         }
 
         req.out.overwrite(&crate_info, sess);

compiler/rustc_session/src/config.rs

@@ -58,6 +58,7 @@ pub const PRINT_KINDS: &[(&str, PrintKind)] = &[
     ("relocation-models", PrintKind::RelocationModels),
     ("split-debuginfo", PrintKind::SplitDebuginfo),
     ("stack-protector-strategies", PrintKind::StackProtectorStrategies),
+    ("supported-crate-types", PrintKind::SupportedCrateTypes),
     ("sysroot", PrintKind::Sysroot),
     ("target-cpus", PrintKind::TargetCPUs),
     ("target-features", PrintKind::TargetFeatures),
@@ -888,6 +889,7 @@ pub enum PrintKind {
     RelocationModels,
     SplitDebuginfo,
     StackProtectorStrategies,
+    SupportedCrateTypes,
     Sysroot,
     TargetCPUs,
     TargetFeatures,
@@ -2063,7 +2065,10 @@ fn check_print_request_stability(
     (print_name, print_kind): (&str, PrintKind),
 ) {
     match print_kind {
-        PrintKind::AllTargetSpecsJson | PrintKind::CheckCfg | PrintKind::TargetSpecJson
+        PrintKind::AllTargetSpecsJson
+        | PrintKind::CheckCfg
+        | PrintKind::SupportedCrateTypes
+        | PrintKind::TargetSpecJson
             if !unstable_opts.unstable_options =>
         {
             early_dcx.early_fatal(format!(