Rollup merge of #119967 - ShE3py:patkind-err, r=WaffleLapkin

Add `PatKind::Err` to AST/HIR

#116715 added `thir::PatKind::Error`; this PR adds `hir::PatKind::Err` and `ast::PatKind::Err` (see https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/118625#discussion_r1446587901.)

---

``@rustbot`` label +A-patterns
r? WaffleLapkin

compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/check/region.rs

@@ -681,7 +681,8 @@ fn resolve_local<'tcx>(
             | PatKind::Never
             | PatKind::Path(_)
             | PatKind::Lit(_)
-            | PatKind::Range(_, _, _) => false,
+            | PatKind::Range(_, _, _)
+            | PatKind::Err(_) => false,
         }
     }