Auto merge of #76570 - cratelyn:implement-rfc-2945-c-unwind-abi, r=Amanieu

Implement RFC 2945: "C-unwind" ABI

## Implement RFC 2945: "C-unwind" ABI

This branch implements [RFC 2945]. The tracking issue for this RFC is #74990.

The feature gate for the issue is `#![feature(c_unwind)]`.

This RFC was created as part of the ffi-unwind project group tracked at rust-lang/lang-team#19.

### Changes

Further details will be provided in commit messages, but a high-level overview
of the changes follows:

* A boolean `unwind` payload is added to the `C`, `System`, `Stdcall`,
and `Thiscall` variants, marking whether unwinding across FFI boundaries is
acceptable. The cases where each of these variants' `unwind` member is true
correspond with the `C-unwind`, `system-unwind`, `stdcall-unwind`, and
`thiscall-unwind` ABI strings introduced in RFC 2945 [3].

* This commit adds a `c_unwind` feature gate for the new ABI strings.
Tests for this feature gate are included in `src/test/ui/c-unwind/`, which
ensure that this feature gate works correctly for each of the new ABIs.
A new language features entry in the unstable book is added as well.

* We adjust the `rustc_middle::ty::layout::fn_can_unwind` function,
used to compute whether or not a `FnAbi` object represents a function that
should be able to unwind when `panic=unwind` is in use.

* Changes are also made to
`rustc_mir_build::build::should_abort_on_panic` so that the function ABI is
used to determind whether it should abort, assuming that the `panic=unwind`
strategy is being used, and no explicit unwind attribute was provided.

[RFC 2945]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/2945-c-unwind-abi.md

compiler/rustc_mir/src/interpret/terminator.rs

@@ -248,9 +248,9 @@ impl<'mir, 'tcx: 'mir, M: Machine<'mir, 'tcx>> InterpCx<'mir, 'tcx, M> {
             };
             if normalize_abi(caller_abi) != normalize_abi(callee_abi) {
                 throw_ub_format!(
-                    "calling a function with ABI {:?} using caller ABI {:?}",
-                    callee_abi,
-                    caller_abi
+                    "calling a function with ABI {} using caller ABI {}",
+                    callee_abi.name(),
+                    caller_abi.name()
                 )
             }
         }