Auto merge of #108860 - oli-obk:tait_alias, r=compiler-errors

Add `AliasKind::Weak` for type aliases.

`type Foo<T: Debug> = Bar<T>;` does not check `T: Debug` at use sites of `Foo<NotDebug>`, because in contrast to a

```rust
trait Identity {
    type Identity;
}
impl<T: Debug> Identity for T {
    type Identity = T;
}
<NotDebug as Identity>::Identity
```

type aliases do not exist in the type system, but are expanded to their aliased type immediately when going from HIR to the type layer.

Similarly:

* a private type alias for a public type is a completely fine thing, even though it makes it a bit hard to write out complex times sometimes
* rustdoc expands the type alias, even though often times users use them for documentation purposes
* diagnostics show the expanded type, which is confusing if the user wrote a type alias and the diagnostic talks about another type that they don't know about.

For type alias impl trait, these issues do not actually apply in most cases, but sometimes you have a type alias impl trait like `type Foo<T: Debug> = (impl Debug, Bar<T>);`, which only really checks it for `impl Debug`, but by accident prevents `Bar<T>` from only being instantiated after proving `T: Debug`. This PR makes sure that we always check these bounds explicitly and don't rely on an implementation accident.

To not break all the type aliases out there, we only use it when the type alias contains an opaque type. We can decide to do this for all type aliases over an edition.

Or we can later extend this to more types if we figure out the back-compat concerns with suddenly checking such bounds.

As a side effect, easily allows fixing https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/108617, which I did.

fixes https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/108617

compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/solve/assembly/mod.rs

@@ -510,10 +510,11 @@ impl<'tcx> EvalCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
             | ty::Placeholder(..)
             | ty::Infer(ty::IntVar(_) | ty::FloatVar(_))
             | ty::Alias(ty::Inherent, _)
+            | ty::Alias(ty::Weak, _)
             | ty::Error(_) => return,
             ty::Infer(ty::TyVar(_) | ty::FreshTy(_) | ty::FreshIntTy(_) | ty::FreshFloatTy(_))
             | ty::Bound(..) => bug!("unexpected self type for `{goal:?}`"),
-            // Excluding IATs here as they don't have meaningful item bounds.
+            // Excluding IATs and type aliases here as they don't have meaningful item bounds.
             ty::Alias(ty::Projection | ty::Opaque, alias_ty) => alias_ty,
         };
 

compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/solve/assembly/structural_traits.rs

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ pub(in crate::solve) fn instantiate_constituent_tys_for_auto_trait<'tcx>(
         ty::Dynamic(..)
         | ty::Param(..)
         | ty::Foreign(..)
-        | ty::Alias(ty::Projection | ty::Inherent, ..)
+        | ty::Alias(ty::Projection | ty::Inherent | ty::Weak, ..)
         | ty::Placeholder(..)
         | ty::Bound(..)
         | ty::Infer(_) => {

compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/solve/mod.rs

@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ mod opaques;
 mod project_goals;
 mod search_graph;
 mod trait_goals;
+mod weak_types;
 
 pub use eval_ctxt::{EvalCtxt, InferCtxtEvalExt};
 pub use fulfill::FulfillmentCtxt;

compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/solve/project_goals.rs

@@ -57,6 +57,7 @@ impl<'tcx> EvalCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
             }
             DefKind::AnonConst => self.normalize_anon_const(goal),
             DefKind::OpaqueTy => self.normalize_opaque_type(goal),
+            DefKind::TyAlias => self.normalize_weak_type(goal),
             kind => bug!("unknown DefKind {} in projection goal: {goal:#?}", kind.descr(def_id)),
         }
     }

compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/solve/trait_goals.rs

@@ -618,7 +618,7 @@ impl<'tcx> EvalCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
             ty::Dynamic(..)
             | ty::Param(..)
             | ty::Foreign(..)
-            | ty::Alias(ty::Projection | ty::Inherent, ..)
+            | ty::Alias(ty::Projection | ty::Weak | ty::Inherent, ..)
             | ty::Placeholder(..) => Some(Err(NoSolution)),
 
             ty::Infer(_) | ty::Bound(_, _) => bug!("unexpected type `{self_ty}`"),

compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/solve/weak_types.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+use rustc_middle::traits::solve::{Certainty, Goal, QueryResult};
+use rustc_middle::ty;
+
+use super::EvalCtxt;
+
+impl<'tcx> EvalCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
+    pub(super) fn normalize_weak_type(
+        &mut self,
+        goal: Goal<'tcx, ty::ProjectionPredicate<'tcx>>,
+    ) -> QueryResult<'tcx> {
+        let tcx = self.tcx();
+        let weak_ty = goal.predicate.projection_ty;
+        let expected = goal.predicate.term.ty().expect("no such thing as a const alias");
+
+        let actual = tcx.type_of(weak_ty.def_id).subst(tcx, weak_ty.substs);
+        self.eq(goal.param_env, expected, actual)?;
+        self.evaluate_added_goals_and_make_canonical_response(Certainty::Yes)
+    }
+}

compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/coherence.rs

@@ -695,7 +695,9 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeVisitor<TyCtxt<'tcx>> for OrphanChecker<'tcx> {
             | ty::RawPtr(..)
             | ty::Never
             | ty::Tuple(..)
-            | ty::Alias(ty::Projection | ty::Inherent, ..) => self.found_non_local_ty(ty),
+            | ty::Alias(ty::Projection | ty::Inherent | ty::Weak, ..) => {
+                self.found_non_local_ty(ty)
+            }
 
             ty::Param(..) => self.found_param_ty(ty),
 

compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/error_reporting/mod.rs

@@ -1824,12 +1824,13 @@ impl<'tcx> InferCtxtPrivExt<'tcx> for TypeErrCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
                 ty::Alias(ty::Projection, ..) => Some(12),
                 ty::Alias(ty::Inherent, ..) => Some(13),
                 ty::Alias(ty::Opaque, ..) => Some(14),
-                ty::Never => Some(15),
-                ty::Adt(..) => Some(16),
-                ty::Generator(..) => Some(17),
-                ty::Foreign(..) => Some(18),
-                ty::GeneratorWitness(..) => Some(19),
-                ty::GeneratorWitnessMIR(..) => Some(20),
+                ty::Alias(ty::Weak, ..) => Some(15),
+                ty::Never => Some(16),
+                ty::Adt(..) => Some(17),
+                ty::Generator(..) => Some(18),
+                ty::Foreign(..) => Some(19),
+                ty::GeneratorWitness(..) => Some(20),
+                ty::GeneratorWitnessMIR(..) => Some(21),
                 ty::Placeholder(..) | ty::Bound(..) | ty::Infer(..) | ty::Error(_) => None,
             }
         }

compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/error_reporting/suggestions.rs

@@ -3198,6 +3198,29 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeErrCtxtExt<'tcx> for TypeErrCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
                     )
                 });
             }
+            ObligationCauseCode::TypeAlias(ref nested, span, def_id) => {
+                // #74711: avoid a stack overflow
+                ensure_sufficient_stack(|| {
+                    self.note_obligation_cause_code(
+                        body_id,
+                        err,
+                        predicate,
+                        param_env,
+                        nested,
+                        obligated_types,
+                        seen_requirements,
+                    )
+                });
+                let mut multispan = MultiSpan::from(span);
+                multispan.push_span_label(span, "required by this bound");
+                err.span_note(
+                    multispan,
+                    format!(
+                        "required by a bound on the type alias `{}`",
+                        self.infcx.tcx.item_name(def_id)
+                    ),
+                );
+            }
             ObligationCauseCode::FunctionArgumentObligation {
                 arg_hir_id,
                 call_hir_id,

compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/outlives_bounds.rs

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ use rustc_span::def_id::LocalDefId;
 
 pub use rustc_middle::traits::query::OutlivesBound;
 
-type Bounds<'a, 'tcx: 'a> = impl Iterator<Item = OutlivesBound<'tcx>> + 'a;
+pub type Bounds<'a, 'tcx: 'a> = impl Iterator<Item = OutlivesBound<'tcx>> + 'a;
 pub trait InferCtxtExt<'a, 'tcx> {
     fn implied_outlives_bounds(
         &self,

compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/project.rs

@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ use rustc_infer::infer::at::At;
 use rustc_infer::infer::resolve::OpportunisticRegionResolver;
 use rustc_infer::infer::DefineOpaqueTypes;
 use rustc_infer::traits::ImplSourceBuiltinData;
+use rustc_infer::traits::ObligationCauseCode;
 use rustc_middle::traits::select::OverflowError;
 use rustc_middle::ty::fold::{TypeFoldable, TypeFolder, TypeSuperFoldable};
 use rustc_middle::ty::visit::{MaxUniverse, TypeVisitable, TypeVisitableExt};
@@ -621,6 +622,30 @@ impl<'a, 'b, 'tcx> TypeFolder<TyCtxt<'tcx>> for AssocTypeNormalizer<'a, 'b, 'tcx
                 );
                 normalized_ty
             }
+            ty::Weak => {
+                let infcx = self.selcx.infcx;
+                self.obligations.extend(
+                    infcx
+                        .tcx
+                        .predicates_of(data.def_id)
+                        .instantiate_own(infcx.tcx, data.substs)
+                        .map(|(mut predicate, span)| {
+                            if data.has_escaping_bound_vars() {
+                                (predicate, ..) = BoundVarReplacer::replace_bound_vars(
+                                    infcx,
+                                    &mut self.universes,
+                                    predicate,
+                                );
+                            }
+                            let mut cause = self.cause.clone();
+                            cause.map_code(|code| {
+                                ObligationCauseCode::TypeAlias(code, span, data.def_id)
+                            });
+                            Obligation::new(infcx.tcx, cause, self.param_env, predicate)
+                        }),
+                );
+                infcx.tcx.type_of(data.def_id).subst(infcx.tcx, data.substs).fold_with(self)
+            }
 
             ty::Inherent if !data.has_escaping_bound_vars() => {
                 // This branch is *mostly* just an optimization: when we don't
@@ -1545,7 +1570,7 @@ fn assemble_candidates_from_trait_def<'cx, 'tcx>(
     // Check whether the self-type is itself a projection.
     // If so, extract what we know from the trait and try to come up with a good answer.
     let bounds = match *obligation.predicate.self_ty().kind() {
-        // Excluding IATs here as they don't have meaningful item bounds.
+        // Excluding IATs and type aliases here as they don't have meaningful item bounds.
         ty::Alias(ty::Projection | ty::Opaque, ref data) => {
             tcx.item_bounds(data.def_id).subst(tcx, data.substs)
         }

compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/query/normalize.rs

@@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> FallibleTypeFolder<TyCtxt<'tcx>> for QueryNormalizer<'cx, 'tcx>
 
             ty::Opaque => ty.try_super_fold_with(self)?,
 
-            ty::Projection | ty::Inherent => {
+            ty::Projection | ty::Inherent | ty::Weak => {
                 // See note in `rustc_trait_selection::traits::project`
 
                 let infcx = self.infcx;
@@ -282,6 +282,7 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> FallibleTypeFolder<TyCtxt<'tcx>> for QueryNormalizer<'cx, 'tcx>
                 debug!("QueryNormalizer: orig_values = {:#?}", orig_values);
                 let result = match kind {
                     ty::Projection => tcx.normalize_projection_ty(c_data),
+                    ty::Weak => tcx.normalize_weak_ty(c_data),
                     ty::Inherent => tcx.normalize_inherent_projection_ty(c_data),
                     _ => unreachable!(),
                 }?;

compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/select/candidate_assembly.rs

@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> SelectionContext<'cx, 'tcx> {
         // Before we go into the whole placeholder thing, just
         // quickly check if the self-type is a projection at all.
         match obligation.predicate.skip_binder().trait_ref.self_ty().kind() {
-            // Excluding IATs here as they don't have meaningful item bounds.
+            // Excluding IATs and type aliases here as they don't have meaningful item bounds.
             ty::Alias(ty::Projection | ty::Opaque, _) => {}
             ty::Infer(ty::TyVar(_)) => {
                 span_bug!(

compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/select/confirmation.rs

@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> SelectionContext<'cx, 'tcx> {
         let placeholder_self_ty = placeholder_trait_predicate.self_ty();
         let placeholder_trait_predicate = ty::Binder::dummy(placeholder_trait_predicate);
         let (def_id, substs) = match *placeholder_self_ty.kind() {
-            // Excluding IATs here as they don't have meaningful item bounds.
+            // Excluding IATs and type aliases here as they don't have meaningful item bounds.
             ty::Alias(ty::Projection | ty::Opaque, ty::AliasTy { def_id, substs, .. }) => {
                 (def_id, substs)
             }

compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/select/mod.rs

@@ -2314,7 +2314,7 @@ impl<'tcx> SelectionContext<'_, 'tcx> {
             | ty::Dynamic(..)
             | ty::Param(..)
             | ty::Foreign(..)
-            | ty::Alias(ty::Projection | ty::Inherent, ..)
+            | ty::Alias(ty::Projection | ty::Inherent | ty::Weak, ..)
             | ty::Bound(..)
             | ty::Infer(ty::TyVar(_) | ty::FreshTy(_) | ty::FreshIntTy(_) | ty::FreshFloatTy(_)) => {
                 bug!("asked to assemble constituent types of unexpected type: {:?}", t);

compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/wf.rs

@@ -731,6 +731,11 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> WfPredicates<'a, 'tcx> {
                     }
                 }
 
+                ty::Alias(ty::Weak, ty::AliasTy { def_id, substs, .. }) => {
+                    let obligations = self.nominal_obligations(def_id, substs);
+                    self.out.extend(obligations);
+                }
+
                 ty::Dynamic(data, r, _) => {
                     // WfObject
                     //