Rollup merge of #121258 - fmease:assoc-const-eq-reject-overly-generic-tys, r=compiler-errors

Reject overly generic assoc const binding types

Split off from #119385 to make #119385 easier to review.

---

In the *instantiated* type of assoc const bindings

1. reject **early-bound generic params**
   * Provide a rich error message instead of ICE'ing ([#108271](https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/108271)).
   * This is a temporary and semi-artificial restriction until the arrival of *generic const generics*.
   * It's quite possible that rustc could already perfectly support this subset of generic const generics if we just removed some checks (some `.no_bound_vars().expect(…)`) but even if that was the case, I'd rather gate it behind a new feature flag. Reporting an error instead of ICE'ing is a good first step towards an eventual feature gate error.
2. reject **escaping late-bound generic params**
   * They lead to ICEs before & I'm pretty sure that they remain incorrect even in a world with *generic const generics*

---

Together with #118668 & #119385, this supersedes #118360.
Fixes #108271.

compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/messages.ftl

@@ -118,6 +118,11 @@ hir_analysis_enum_discriminant_overflowed = enum discriminant overflowed
     .label = overflowed on value after {$discr}
     .note = explicitly set `{$item_name} = {$wrapped_discr}` if that is desired outcome
 
+hir_analysis_escaping_bound_var_in_ty_of_assoc_const_binding =
+    the type of the associated constant `{$assoc_const}` cannot capture late-bound generic parameters
+    .label = its type cannot capture the late-bound {$var_def_kind} `{$var_name}`
+    .var_defined_here_label = the late-bound {$var_def_kind} `{$var_name}` is defined here
+
 hir_analysis_field_already_declared =
     field `{$field_name}` is already declared
     .label = field already declared
@@ -316,6 +321,22 @@ hir_analysis_opaque_captures_higher_ranked_lifetime = `impl Trait` cannot captur
     .label = `impl Trait` implicitly captures all lifetimes in scope
     .note = lifetime declared here
 
+hir_analysis_param_in_ty_of_assoc_const_binding =
+    the type of the associated constant `{$assoc_const}` must not depend on {$param_category ->
+        [self] `Self`
+        [synthetic] `impl Trait`
+        *[normal] generic parameters
+    }
+    .label = its type must not depend on {$param_category ->
+        [self] `Self`
+        [synthetic] `impl Trait`
+        *[normal] the {$param_def_kind} `{$param_name}`
+    }
+    .param_defined_here_label = {$param_category ->
+        [synthetic] the `impl Trait` is specified here
+        *[normal] the {$param_def_kind} `{$param_name}` is defined here
+    }
+
 hir_analysis_paren_sugar_attribute = the `#[rustc_paren_sugar]` attribute is a temporary means of controlling which traits can use parenthetical notation
     .help = add `#![feature(unboxed_closures)]` to the crate attributes to use it
 
@@ -432,6 +453,8 @@ hir_analysis_transparent_non_zero_sized_enum = the variant of a transparent {$de
     .label = needs at most one field with non-trivial size or alignment, but has {$field_count}
     .labels = this field has non-zero size or requires alignment
 
+hir_analysis_ty_of_assoc_const_binding_note = `{$assoc_const}` has type `{$ty}`
+
 hir_analysis_ty_param_first_local = type parameter `{$param_ty}` must be covered by another type when it appears before the first local type (`{$local_type}`)
     .label = type parameter `{$param_ty}` must be covered by another type when it appears before the first local type (`{$local_type}`)
     .note = implementing a foreign trait is only possible if at least one of the types for which it is implemented is local, and no uncovered type parameters appear before that first local type