Rollup merge of #126154 - RalfJung:storage-live, r=compiler-errors

StorageLive: refresh storage (instead of UB) when local is already live

Blocked on [this FCP](https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/99160#issuecomment-2155924538), which also contains the motivation.

Fixes https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/99160
Fixes https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/98896 (by declaring it not-a-bug)
Fixes https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/119366
Fixes https://github.com/rust-lang/unsafe-code-guidelines/issues/129

compiler/rustc_const_eval/messages.ftl

@@ -73,8 +73,6 @@ const_eval_division_by_zero =
     dividing by zero
 const_eval_division_overflow =
     overflow in signed division (dividing MIN by -1)
-const_eval_double_storage_live =
-    StorageLive on a local that was already live
 
 const_eval_dyn_call_not_a_method =
     `dyn` call trying to call something that is not a method

compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/interpret/eval_context.rs

@@ -1100,11 +1100,9 @@ impl<'tcx, M: Machine<'tcx>> InterpCx<'tcx, M> {
             Operand::Immediate(Immediate::Uninit)
         });
 
-        // StorageLive expects the local to be dead, and marks it live.
+        // If the local is already live, deallocate its old memory.
         let old = mem::replace(&mut self.frame_mut().locals[local].value, local_val);
-        if !matches!(old, LocalValue::Dead) {
-            throw_ub_custom!(fluent::const_eval_double_storage_live);
-        }
+        self.deallocate_local(old)?;
         Ok(())
     }
 
@@ -1118,7 +1116,7 @@ impl<'tcx, M: Machine<'tcx>> InterpCx<'tcx, M> {
         assert!(local != mir::RETURN_PLACE, "Cannot make return place dead");
         trace!("{:?} is now dead", local);
 
-        // It is entirely okay for this local to be already dead (at least that's how we currently generate MIR)
+        // If the local is already dead, this is a NOP.
         let old = mem::replace(&mut self.frame_mut().locals[local].value, LocalValue::Dead);
         self.deallocate_local(old)?;
         Ok(())

compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/syntax.rs

@@ -361,16 +361,19 @@ pub enum StatementKind<'tcx> {
     /// At any point during the execution of a function, each local is either allocated or
     /// unallocated. Except as noted below, all locals except function parameters are initially
     /// unallocated. `StorageLive` statements cause memory to be allocated for the local while
-    /// `StorageDead` statements cause the memory to be freed. Using a local in any way (not only
-    /// reading/writing from it) while it is unallocated is UB.
+    /// `StorageDead` statements cause the memory to be freed. In other words,
+    /// `StorageLive`/`StorageDead` act like the heap operations `allocate`/`deallocate`, but for
+    /// stack-allocated local variables. Using a local in any way (not only reading/writing from it)
+    /// while it is unallocated is UB.
     ///
     /// Some locals have no `StorageLive` or `StorageDead` statements within the entire MIR body.
     /// These locals are implicitly allocated for the full duration of the function. There is a
     /// convenience method at `rustc_mir_dataflow::storage::always_storage_live_locals` for
     /// computing these locals.
     ///
-    /// If the local is already allocated, calling `StorageLive` again is UB. However, for an
-    /// unallocated local an additional `StorageDead` all is simply a nop.
+    /// If the local is already allocated, calling `StorageLive` again will implicitly free the
+    /// local and then allocate fresh uninitilized memory. If a local is already deallocated,
+    /// calling `StorageDead` again is a NOP.
     StorageLive(Local),
 
     /// See `StorageLive` above.

src/tools/miri/tests/fail/storage-live-dead-var.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+#![feature(core_intrinsics, custom_mir)]
+use std::intrinsics::mir::*;
+
+#[custom_mir(dialect = "runtime")]
+fn main() {
+    mir! {
+        let val: i32;
+        {
+            val = 42; //~ERROR: accessing a dead local variable
+            StorageLive(val); // too late... (but needs to be here to make `val` not implicitly live)
+            Return()
+        }
+    }
+}

src/tools/miri/tests/fail/storage-live-dead-var.stderr

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+error: Undefined Behavior: accessing a dead local variable
+  --> $DIR/storage-live-dead-var.rs:LL:CC
+   |
+LL |             val = 42;
+   |             ^^^^^^^^ accessing a dead local variable
+   |
+   = help: this indicates a bug in the program: it performed an invalid operation, and caused Undefined Behavior
+   = help: see https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/reference/behavior-considered-undefined.html for further information
+   = note: BACKTRACE:
+   = note: inside `main` at $DIR/storage-live-dead-var.rs:LL:CC
+
+note: some details are omitted, run with `MIRIFLAGS=-Zmiri-backtrace=full` for a verbose backtrace
+
+error: aborting due to 1 previous error
+

src/tools/miri/tests/fail/storage-live-resets-var.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+#![feature(core_intrinsics, custom_mir)]
+use std::intrinsics::mir::*;
+
+#[custom_mir(dialect = "runtime")]
+fn main() {
+    mir! {
+        let val: i32;
+        let _val2: i32;
+        {
+            StorageLive(val);
+            val = 42;
+            StorageLive(val); // reset val to `uninit`
+            _val2 = val; //~ERROR: uninitialized
+            Return()
+        }
+    }
+}

src/tools/miri/tests/fail/storage-live-resets-var.stderr

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+error: Undefined Behavior: constructing invalid value: encountered uninitialized memory, but expected an integer
+  --> $DIR/storage-live-resets-var.rs:LL:CC
+   |
+LL |             _val2 = val;
+   |             ^^^^^^^^^^^ constructing invalid value: encountered uninitialized memory, but expected an integer
+   |
+   = help: this indicates a bug in the program: it performed an invalid operation, and caused Undefined Behavior
+   = help: see https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/reference/behavior-considered-undefined.html for further information
+   = note: BACKTRACE:
+   = note: inside `main` at $DIR/storage-live-resets-var.rs:LL:CC
+
+note: some details are omitted, run with `MIRIFLAGS=-Zmiri-backtrace=full` for a verbose backtrace
+
+error: aborting due to 1 previous error
+