Rollup merge of #70268 - tmiasko:sanitizer-docs, r=steveklabnik
Document ThreadSanitizer in unstable-book
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Dylan DPC
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1 changed files with 186 additions and 122 deletions
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@ -6,144 +6,75 @@ The tracking issue for this feature is: [#39699](https://github.com/rust-lang/ru
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This feature allows for use of one of following sanitizers:
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* [AddressSanitizer][clang-asan] a faster memory error detector. Can
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detect out-of-bounds access to heap, stack, and globals, use after free, use
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after return, double free, invalid free, memory leaks.
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* [AddressSanitizer][clang-asan] a fast memory error detector.
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* [LeakSanitizer][clang-lsan] a run-time memory leak detector.
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* [MemorySanitizer][clang-msan] a detector of uninitialized reads.
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* [ThreadSanitizer][clang-tsan] a fast data race detector.
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To enable a sanitizer compile with `-Zsanitizer=...` option, where value is one
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of `address`, `leak`, `memory` or `thread`.
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To enable a sanitizer compile with `-Zsanitizer=address`, `-Zsanitizer=leak`,
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`-Zsanitizer=memory` or `-Zsanitizer=thread`. Only a single sanitizer can be
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enabled at a time.
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# Examples
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# AddressSanitizer
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This sections show various issues that can be detected with sanitizers. For
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simplicity, the examples are prepared under assumption that optimization level
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used is zero.
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AddressSanitizer is a memory error detector. It can detect the following types
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of bugs:
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## AddressSanitizer
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* Out of bound accesses to heap, stack and globals
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* Use after free
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* Use after return (runtime flag `ASAN_OPTIONS=detect_stack_use_after_return=1`)
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* Use after scope
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* Double-free, invalid free
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* Memory leaks
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AddressSanitizer is supported on the following targets:
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* `x86_64-apple-darwin`
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* `x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu`
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AddressSanitizer works with non-instrumented code although it will impede its
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ability to detect some bugs. It is not expected to produce false positive
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reports.
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## Examples
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Stack buffer overflow:
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```shell
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$ cat a.rs
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```rust
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fn main() {
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let xs = [0, 1, 2, 3];
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let _y = unsafe { *xs.as_ptr().offset(4) };
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}
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$ rustc -Zsanitizer=address a.rs
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$ ./a
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=================================================================
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==10029==ERROR: AddressSanitizer: stack-buffer-overflow on address 0x7ffcc15f43d0 at pc 0x55f77dc015c5 bp 0x7ffcc15f4390 sp 0x7ffcc15f4388
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READ of size 4 at 0x7ffcc15f43d0 thread T0
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#0 0x55f77dc015c4 in a::main::hab3bd2a745c2d0ac (/tmp/a+0xa5c4)
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#1 0x55f77dc01cdb in std::rt::lang_start::_$u7b$$u7b$closure$u7d$$u7d$::haa8c76d1faa7b7ca (/tmp/a+0xacdb)
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#2 0x55f77dc90f02 in std::rt::lang_start_internal::_$u7b$$u7b$closure$u7d$$u7d$::hfeb9a1aef9ac820d /rustc/c27f7568bc74c418996892028a629eed5a7f5f00/src/libstd/rt.rs:48:12
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#3 0x55f77dc90f02 in std::panicking::try::do_call::h12f0919717b8e0a6 /rustc/c27f7568bc74c418996892028a629eed5a7f5f00/src/libstd/panicking.rs:288:39
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#4 0x55f77dc926c9 in __rust_maybe_catch_panic /rustc/c27f7568bc74c418996892028a629eed5a7f5f00/src/libpanic_unwind/lib.rs:80:7
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#5 0x55f77dc9197c in std::panicking::try::h413b21cdcd6cfd86 /rustc/c27f7568bc74c418996892028a629eed5a7f5f00/src/libstd/panicking.rs:267:12
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#6 0x55f77dc9197c in std::panic::catch_unwind::hc5cc8ef2fd73424d /rustc/c27f7568bc74c418996892028a629eed5a7f5f00/src/libstd/panic.rs:396:8
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#7 0x55f77dc9197c in std::rt::lang_start_internal::h2039f418ab92218f /rustc/c27f7568bc74c418996892028a629eed5a7f5f00/src/libstd/rt.rs:47:24
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#8 0x55f77dc01c61 in std::rt::lang_start::ha905d28f6b61d691 (/tmp/a+0xac61)
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#9 0x55f77dc0163a in main (/tmp/a+0xa63a)
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#10 0x7f9b3cf5bbba in __libc_start_main (/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6+0x26bba)
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#11 0x55f77dc01289 in _start (/tmp/a+0xa289)
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Address 0x7ffcc15f43d0 is located in stack of thread T0 at offset 48 in frame
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#0 0x55f77dc0135f in a::main::hab3bd2a745c2d0ac (/tmp/a+0xa35f)
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This frame has 1 object(s):
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[32, 48) 'xs' <== Memory access at offset 48 overflows this variable
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HINT: this may be a false positive if your program uses some custom stack unwind mechanism, swapcontext or vfork
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(longjmp and C++ exceptions *are* supported)
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SUMMARY: AddressSanitizer: stack-buffer-overflow (/tmp/a+0xa5c4) in a::main::hab3bd2a745c2d0ac
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Shadow bytes around the buggy address:
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0x1000182b6820: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
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0x1000182b6830: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
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0x1000182b6840: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
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0x1000182b6850: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
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0x1000182b6860: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
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=>0x1000182b6870: 00 00 00 00 f1 f1 f1 f1 00 00[f3]f3 00 00 00 00
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0x1000182b6880: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
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0x1000182b6890: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
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0x1000182b68a0: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
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0x1000182b68b0: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
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0x1000182b68c0: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
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Shadow byte legend (one shadow byte represents 8 application bytes):
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Addressable: 00
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Partially addressable: 01 02 03 04 05 06 07
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Heap left redzone: fa
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Freed heap region: fd
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Stack left redzone: f1
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Stack mid redzone: f2
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Stack right redzone: f3
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Stack after return: f5
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Stack use after scope: f8
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Global redzone: f9
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Global init order: f6
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Poisoned by user: f7
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Container overflow: fc
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Array cookie: ac
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Intra object redzone: bb
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ASan internal: fe
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Left alloca redzone: ca
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Right alloca redzone: cb
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Shadow gap: cc
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==10029==ABORTING
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```
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Use of a stack object after its scope has already ended:
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```shell
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$ cat b.rs
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static mut P: *mut usize = std::ptr::null_mut();
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$ export RUSTFLAGS=-Zsanitizer=address RUSTDOCFLAGS=-Zsanitizer=address
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$ cargo run -Zbuild-std --target x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
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==37882==ERROR: AddressSanitizer: stack-buffer-overflow on address 0x7ffe400e6250 at pc 0x5609a841fb20 bp 0x7ffe400e6210 sp 0x7ffe400e6208
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READ of size 4 at 0x7ffe400e6250 thread T0
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#0 0x5609a841fb1f in example::main::h628ffc6626ed85b2 /.../src/main.rs:3:23
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...
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fn main() {
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unsafe {
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{
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let mut x = 0;
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P = &mut x;
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}
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std::ptr::write_volatile(P, 123);
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}
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}
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$ rustc -Zsanitizer=address b.rs
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$./b
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=================================================================
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==424427==ERROR: AddressSanitizer: stack-use-after-scope on address 0x7fff67be6be0 at pc 0x5647a3ea4658 bp 0x7fff67be6b90 sp 0x7fff67be6b88
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WRITE of size 8 at 0x7fff67be6be0 thread T0
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#0 0x5647a3ea4657 in core::ptr::write_volatile::h4b04601757d0376d (/tmp/b+0xb8657)
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#1 0x5647a3ea4432 in b::main::h5574a756e615c9cf (/tmp/b+0xb8432)
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#2 0x5647a3ea480b in std::rt::lang_start::_$u7b$$u7b$closure$u7d$$u7d$::hd57e7ee01866077e (/tmp/b+0xb880b)
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#3 0x5647a3eab412 in std::panicking::try::do_call::he0421ca82dd11ba3 (.llvm.8083791802951296215) (/tmp/b+0xbf412)
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#4 0x5647a3eacb26 in __rust_maybe_catch_panic (/tmp/b+0xc0b26)
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#5 0x5647a3ea5b66 in std::rt::lang_start_internal::h19bc96b28f670a64 (/tmp/b+0xb9b66)
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#6 0x5647a3ea4788 in std::rt::lang_start::h642d10b4b6965fb8 (/tmp/b+0xb8788)
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#7 0x5647a3ea449a in main (/tmp/b+0xb849a)
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#8 0x7fd1d18b3bba in __libc_start_main (/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6+0x26bba)
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#9 0x5647a3df7299 in _start (/tmp/b+0xb299)
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Address 0x7fff67be6be0 is located in stack of thread T0 at offset 32 in frame
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#0 0x5647a3ea433f in b::main::h5574a756e615c9cf (/tmp/b+0xb833f)
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Address 0x7ffe400e6250 is located in stack of thread T0 at offset 48 in frame
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#0 0x5609a841f8af in example::main::h628ffc6626ed85b2 /.../src/main.rs:1
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This frame has 1 object(s):
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[32, 40) 'x' <== Memory access at offset 32 is inside this variable
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[32, 48) 'xs' (line 2) <== Memory access at offset 48 overflows this variable
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HINT: this may be a false positive if your program uses some custom stack unwind mechanism, swapcontext or vfork
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(longjmp and C++ exceptions *are* supported)
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SUMMARY: AddressSanitizer: stack-use-after-scope (/tmp/b+0xb8657) in core::ptr::write_volatile::h4b04601757d0376d
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SUMMARY: AddressSanitizer: stack-buffer-overflow /.../src/main.rs:3:23 in example::main::h628ffc6626ed85b2
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Shadow bytes around the buggy address:
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0x10006cf74d20: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
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0x10006cf74d30: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
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0x10006cf74d40: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
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0x10006cf74d50: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
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0x10006cf74d60: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
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=>0x10006cf74d70: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 f1 f1 f1 f1[f8]f3 f3 f3
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0x10006cf74d80: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
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0x10006cf74d90: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
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0x10006cf74da0: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
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0x10006cf74db0: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
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0x10006cf74dc0: f1 f1 f1 f1 00 f3 f3 f3 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
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0x100048014bf0: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
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0x100048014c00: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
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0x100048014c10: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
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0x100048014c20: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
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0x100048014c30: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
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=>0x100048014c40: 00 00 00 00 f1 f1 f1 f1 00 00[f3]f3 00 00 00 00
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0x100048014c50: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
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0x100048014c60: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
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0x100048014c70: f1 f1 f1 f1 00 00 f3 f3 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
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0x100048014c80: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 f1 f1 f1 f1
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0x100048014c90: 00 00 f3 f3 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
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Shadow byte legend (one shadow byte represents 8 application bytes):
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Addressable: 00
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Partially addressable: 01 02 03 04 05 06 07
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@ -164,17 +95,95 @@ Shadow byte legend (one shadow byte represents 8 application bytes):
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Left alloca redzone: ca
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Right alloca redzone: cb
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Shadow gap: cc
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==424427==ABORTING
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==37882==ABORTING
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```
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## MemorySanitizer
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Use of a stack object after its scope has already ended:
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Use of uninitialized memory. Note that we are using `-Zbuild-std` to instrument
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the standard library, and passing `-Zsanitizer-track-origins` to track the
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origins of uninitialized memory:
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```rust
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static mut P: *mut usize = std::ptr::null_mut();
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fn main() {
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unsafe {
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{
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let mut x = 0;
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P = &mut x;
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}
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std::ptr::write_volatile(P, 123);
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}
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}
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```
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```shell
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$ cat src/main.rs
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$ export RUSTFLAGS=-Zsanitizer=address RUSTDOCFLAGS=-Zsanitizer=address
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$ cargo run -Zbuild-std --target x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
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=================================================================
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==39249==ERROR: AddressSanitizer: stack-use-after-scope on address 0x7ffc7ed3e1a0 at pc 0x55c98b262a8e bp 0x7ffc7ed3e050 sp 0x7ffc7ed3e048
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WRITE of size 8 at 0x7ffc7ed3e1a0 thread T0
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#0 0x55c98b262a8d in core::ptr::write_volatile::he21f1df5a82f329a /.../src/rust/src/libcore/ptr/mod.rs:1048:5
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#1 0x55c98b262cd2 in example::main::h628ffc6626ed85b2 /.../src/main.rs:9:9
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...
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Address 0x7ffc7ed3e1a0 is located in stack of thread T0 at offset 32 in frame
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#0 0x55c98b262bdf in example::main::h628ffc6626ed85b2 /.../src/main.rs:3
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This frame has 1 object(s):
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[32, 40) 'x' (line 6) <== Memory access at offset 32 is inside this variable
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HINT: this may be a false positive if your program uses some custom stack unwind mechanism, swapcontext or vfork
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(longjmp and C++ exceptions *are* supported)
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SUMMARY: AddressSanitizer: stack-use-after-scope /.../src/rust/src/libcore/ptr/mod.rs:1048:5 in core::ptr::write_volatile::he21f1df5a82f329a
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Shadow bytes around the buggy address:
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0x10000fd9fbe0: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
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0x10000fd9fbf0: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
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0x10000fd9fc00: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 f1 f1 f1 f1
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0x10000fd9fc10: f8 f8 f3 f3 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
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0x10000fd9fc20: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
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=>0x10000fd9fc30: f1 f1 f1 f1[f8]f3 f3 f3 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
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0x10000fd9fc40: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 f1 f1 f1 f1
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0x10000fd9fc50: 00 00 f3 f3 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
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0x10000fd9fc60: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 f1 f1 f1 f1 00 00 f3 f3
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0x10000fd9fc70: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
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0x10000fd9fc80: 00 00 00 00 f1 f1 f1 f1 00 00 f3 f3 00 00 00 00
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Shadow byte legend (one shadow byte represents 8 application bytes):
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Addressable: 00
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Partially addressable: 01 02 03 04 05 06 07
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Heap left redzone: fa
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Freed heap region: fd
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Stack left redzone: f1
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Stack mid redzone: f2
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Stack right redzone: f3
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Stack after return: f5
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Stack use after scope: f8
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Global redzone: f9
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Global init order: f6
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Poisoned by user: f7
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Container overflow: fc
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Array cookie: ac
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Intra object redzone: bb
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ASan internal: fe
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Left alloca redzone: ca
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Right alloca redzone: cb
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Shadow gap: cc
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==39249==ABORTING
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```
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# MemorySanitizer
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MemorySanitizer is detector of uninitialized reads. It is only supported on the
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`x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu` target.
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MemorySanitizer requires all program code to be instrumented. C/C++ dependencies
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need to be recompiled using Clang with `-fsanitize=memory` option. Failing to
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achieve that will result in false positive reports.
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## Example
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Detecting the use of uninitialized memory. The `-Zbuild-std` flag rebuilds and
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instruments the standard library, and is strictly necessary for the correct
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operation of the tool. The `-Zsanitizer-track-origins` enables tracking of the
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origins of uninitialized memory:
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```rust
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use std::mem::MaybeUninit;
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fn main() {
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@ -184,7 +193,9 @@ fn main() {
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println!("{}", a[2]);
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}
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}
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```
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```shell
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$ export \
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CC=clang \
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CXX=clang++ \
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@ -193,7 +204,7 @@ $ export \
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RUSTFLAGS='-Zsanitizer=memory -Zsanitizer-memory-track-origins' \
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RUSTDOCFLAGS='-Zsanitizer=memory -Zsanitizer-memory-track-origins'
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$ cargo clean
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$ cargo -Zbuild-std run --target x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
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$ cargo run -Zbuild-std --target x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
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==9416==WARNING: MemorySanitizer: use-of-uninitialized-value
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#0 0x560c04f7488a in core::fmt::num::imp::fmt_u64::haa293b0b098501ca $RUST/build/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/stage1/lib/rustlib/src/rust/src/libcore/fmt/num.rs:202:16
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...
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@ -205,6 +216,55 @@ $ cargo -Zbuild-std run --target x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
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#0 0x560c04b2bc50 in memory::main::hd2333c1899d997f5 $CWD/src/main.rs:3
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```
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# ThreadSanitizer
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ThreadSanitizer is a data race detection tool. It is supported on the following
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targets:
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* `x86_64-apple-darwin`
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* `x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu`
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To work correctly ThreadSanitizer needs to be "aware" of all synchronization
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operations in a program. It generally achieves that through combination of
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library interception (for example synchronization performed through
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`pthread_mutex_lock` / `pthread_mutex_unlock`) and compile time instrumentation
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(e.g. atomic operations). Using it without instrumenting all the program code
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can lead to false positive reports.
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|
||||
ThreadSanitizer does not support atomic fences `std::sync::atomic::fence`,
|
||||
nor synchronization performed using inline assembly code.
|
||||
|
||||
## Example
|
||||
|
||||
```rust
|
||||
static mut A: usize = 0;
|
||||
|
||||
fn main() {
|
||||
let t = std::thread::spawn(|| {
|
||||
unsafe { A += 1 };
|
||||
});
|
||||
unsafe { A += 1 };
|
||||
|
||||
t.join().unwrap();
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
$ export RUSTFLAGS=-Zsanitizer=thread RUSTDOCFLAGS=-Zsanitizer=thread
|
||||
$ cargo run -Zbuild-std --target x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
|
||||
==================
|
||||
WARNING: ThreadSanitizer: data race (pid=10574)
|
||||
Read of size 8 at 0x5632dfe3d030 by thread T1:
|
||||
#0 example::main::_$u7b$$u7b$closure$u7d$$u7d$::h23f64b0b2f8c9484 ../src/main.rs:5:18 (example+0x86cec)
|
||||
...
|
||||
|
||||
Previous write of size 8 at 0x5632dfe3d030 by main thread:
|
||||
#0 example::main::h628ffc6626ed85b2 /.../src/main.rs:7:14 (example+0x868c8)
|
||||
...
|
||||
#11 main <null> (example+0x86a1a)
|
||||
|
||||
Location is global 'example::A::h43ac149ddf992709' of size 8 at 0x5632dfe3d030 (example+0x000000bd9030)
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
# Instrumentation of external dependencies and std
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -231,6 +291,10 @@ In more practical terms when using cargo always remember to pass `--target`
|
|||
flag, so that rustflags will not be applied to build scripts and procedural
|
||||
macros.
|
||||
|
||||
# Symbolizing the Reports
|
||||
|
||||
Sanitizers produce symbolized stacktraces when llvm-symbolizer binary is in `PATH`.
|
||||
|
||||
# Additional Information
|
||||
|
||||
* [Sanitizers project page](https://github.com/google/sanitizers/wiki/)
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
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