feat(activitiypub): enable HTTP signatures on all ActivityPub endpoints (#7035)

- Set the right keyID and use the right signing keys for outgoing requests.
- Verify the HTTP signature of all incoming requests, except for the server actor.
- Caches keys of incoming requests for users and servers actors.

Reviewed-on: https://codeberg.org/forgejo/forgejo/pulls/7035
Reviewed-by: Gusted <gusted@noreply.codeberg.org>
Co-authored-by: famfo <famfo@famfo.xyz>
Co-committed-by: famfo <famfo@famfo.xyz>

models/forgefed/federationhost.go

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 package forgefed
 
 import (
+	"database/sql"
 	"fmt"
 	"strings"
 	"time"
@@ -15,12 +16,14 @@ import (
 // FederationHost data type
 // swagger:model
 type FederationHost struct {
-	ID             int64              `xorm:"pk autoincr"`
-	HostFqdn       string             `xorm:"host_fqdn UNIQUE INDEX VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL"`
-	NodeInfo       NodeInfo           `xorm:"extends NOT NULL"`
-	LatestActivity time.Time          `xorm:"NOT NULL"`
-	Created        timeutil.TimeStamp `xorm:"created"`
-	Updated        timeutil.TimeStamp `xorm:"updated"`
+	ID             int64                  `xorm:"pk autoincr"`
+	HostFqdn       string                 `xorm:"host_fqdn UNIQUE INDEX VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL"`
+	NodeInfo       NodeInfo               `xorm:"extends NOT NULL"`
+	LatestActivity time.Time              `xorm:"NOT NULL"`
+	Created        timeutil.TimeStamp     `xorm:"created"`
+	Updated        timeutil.TimeStamp     `xorm:"updated"`
+	KeyID          sql.NullString         `xorm:"key_id UNIQUE"`
+	PublicKey      sql.Null[sql.RawBytes] `xorm:"BLOB"`
 }
 
 // Factory function for FederationHost. Created struct is asserted to be valid.

models/forgefed/federationhost_repository.go

@@ -30,9 +30,9 @@ func GetFederationHost(ctx context.Context, ID int64) (*FederationHost, error) {
 	return host, nil
 }
 
-func FindFederationHostByFqdn(ctx context.Context, fqdn string) (*FederationHost, error) {
+func findFederationHostFromDB(ctx context.Context, searchKey, searchValue string) (*FederationHost, error) {
 	host := new(FederationHost)
-	has, err := db.GetEngine(ctx).Where("host_fqdn=?", strings.ToLower(fqdn)).Get(host)
+	has, err := db.GetEngine(ctx).Where(searchKey, searchValue).Get(host)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	} else if !has {
@@ -44,6 +44,14 @@ func FindFederationHostByFqdn(ctx context.Context, fqdn string) (*FederationHost
 	return host, nil
 }
 
+func FindFederationHostByFqdn(ctx context.Context, fqdn string) (*FederationHost, error) {
+	return findFederationHostFromDB(ctx, "host_fqdn=?", strings.ToLower(fqdn))
+}
+
+func FindFederationHostByKeyID(ctx context.Context, keyID string) (*FederationHost, error) {
+	return findFederationHostFromDB(ctx, "key_id=?", keyID)
+}
+
 func CreateFederationHost(ctx context.Context, host *FederationHost) error {
 	if res, err := validation.IsValid(host); !res {
 		return err

models/forgejo_migrations/migrate.go

@@ -94,6 +94,8 @@ var migrations = []*Migration{
 	NewMigration("Add `created_unix` column to `user_redirect` table", AddCreatedUnixToRedirect),
 	// v27 -> v28
 	NewMigration("Add pronoun privacy settings to user", AddHidePronounsOptionToUser),
+	// v28 -> v29
+	NewMigration("Add public key information to `FederatedUser` and `FederationHost`", AddPublicKeyInformationForFederation),
 }
 
 // GetCurrentDBVersion returns the current Forgejo database version.

models/forgejo_migrations/v29.go

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+// Copyright 2025 The Forgejo Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package forgejo_migrations //nolint:revive
+
+import (
+	"database/sql"
+
+	"xorm.io/xorm"
+)
+
+func AddPublicKeyInformationForFederation(x *xorm.Engine) error {
+	type FederationHost struct {
+		KeyID     sql.NullString         `xorm:"key_id UNIQUE"`
+		PublicKey sql.Null[sql.RawBytes] `xorm:"BLOB"`
+	}
+
+	err := x.Sync(&FederationHost{})
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	type FederatedUser struct {
+		KeyID     sql.NullString         `xorm:"key_id UNIQUE"`
+		PublicKey sql.Null[sql.RawBytes] `xorm:"BLOB"`
+	}
+
+	return x.Sync(&FederatedUser{})
+}

models/user/activitypub.go

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+// Copyright 2025 The Forgejo Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package user
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"net/url"
+
+	"forgejo.org/models/db"
+	"forgejo.org/modules/setting"
+	"forgejo.org/modules/validation"
+)
+
+// APActorID returns the IRI to the api endpoint of the user
+func (u *User) APActorID() string {
+	if u.IsAPServerActor() {
+		return fmt.Sprintf("%sapi/v1/activitypub/actor", setting.AppURL)
+	}
+
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%sapi/v1/activitypub/user-id/%s", setting.AppURL, url.PathEscape(fmt.Sprintf("%d", u.ID)))
+}
+
+// APActorKeyID returns the ID of the user's public key
+func (u *User) APActorKeyID() string {
+	return u.APActorID() + "#main-key"
+}
+
+func GetUserByFederatedURI(ctx context.Context, federatedURI string) (*User, error) {
+	user := new(User)
+	has, err := db.GetEngine(ctx).Where("normalized_federated_uri=?", federatedURI).Get(user)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	} else if !has {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+
+	if res, err := validation.IsValid(*user); !res {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return user, nil
+}

models/user/federated_user.go

@@ -4,14 +4,20 @@
 package user
 
 import (
+	"context"
+	"database/sql"
+
+	"forgejo.org/models/db"
 	"forgejo.org/modules/validation"
 )
 
 type FederatedUser struct {
-	ID               int64  `xorm:"pk autoincr"`
-	UserID           int64  `xorm:"NOT NULL"`
-	ExternalID       string `xorm:"UNIQUE(federation_user_mapping) NOT NULL"`
-	FederationHostID int64  `xorm:"UNIQUE(federation_user_mapping) NOT NULL"`
+	ID               int64                  `xorm:"pk autoincr"`
+	UserID           int64                  `xorm:"NOT NULL"`
+	ExternalID       string                 `xorm:"UNIQUE(federation_user_mapping) NOT NULL"`
+	FederationHostID int64                  `xorm:"UNIQUE(federation_user_mapping) NOT NULL"`
+	KeyID            sql.NullString         `xorm:"key_id UNIQUE"`
+	PublicKey        sql.Null[sql.RawBytes] `xorm:"BLOB"`
 }
 
 func NewFederatedUser(userID int64, externalID string, federationHostID int64) (FederatedUser, error) {
@@ -26,6 +32,30 @@ func NewFederatedUser(userID int64, externalID string, federationHostID int64) (
 	return result, nil
 }
 
+func getFederatedUserFromDB(ctx context.Context, searchKey, searchValue any) (*FederatedUser, error) {
+	federatedUser := new(FederatedUser)
+	has, err := db.GetEngine(ctx).Where(searchKey, searchValue).Get(federatedUser)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	} else if !has {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+
+	if res, err := validation.IsValid(*federatedUser); !res {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return federatedUser, nil
+}
+
+func GetFederatedUserByKeyID(ctx context.Context, keyID string) (*FederatedUser, error) {
+	return getFederatedUserFromDB(ctx, "key_id=?", keyID)
+}
+
+func GetFederatedUserByUserID(ctx context.Context, userID int64) (*FederatedUser, error) {
+	return getFederatedUserFromDB(ctx, "user_id=?", userID)
+}
+
 func (user FederatedUser) Validate() []string {
 	var result []string
 	result = append(result, validation.ValidateNotEmpty(user.UserID, "UserID")...)

models/user/user.go

@@ -311,11 +311,6 @@ func (u *User) HTMLURL() string {
 	return setting.AppURL + url.PathEscape(u.Name)
 }
 
-// APActorID returns the IRI to the api endpoint of the user
-func (u *User) APActorID() string {
-	return fmt.Sprintf("%vapi/v1/activitypub/user-id/%v", setting.AppURL, url.PathEscape(fmt.Sprintf("%v", u.ID)))
-}
-
 // OrganisationLink returns the organization sub page link.
 func (u *User) OrganisationLink() string {
 	return setting.AppSubURL + "/org/" + url.PathEscape(u.Name)

models/user/user_system.go

@@ -73,30 +73,30 @@ func (u *User) IsActions() bool {
 }
 
 const (
-	APActorUserID   = -3
-	APActorUserName = "actor"
-	APActorEmail    = "noreply@forgejo.org"
+	APServerActorUserID   = -3
+	APServerActorUserName = "actor"
+	APServerActorEmail    = "noreply@forgejo.org"
 )
 
-func NewAPActorUser() *User {
+func NewAPServerActor() *User {
 	return &User{
-		ID:               APActorUserID,
-		Name:             APActorUserName,
-		LowerName:        APActorUserName,
+		ID:               APServerActorUserID,
+		Name:             APServerActorUserName,
+		LowerName:        APServerActorUserName,
 		IsActive:         true,
-		Email:            APActorEmail,
+		Email:            APServerActorEmail,
 		KeepEmailPrivate: true,
-		LoginName:        APActorUserName,
+		LoginName:        APServerActorUserName,
 		Type:             UserTypeIndividual,
 		Visibility:       structs.VisibleTypePublic,
 	}
 }
 
-func APActorUserAPActorID() string {
+func APServerActorID() string {
 	path, _ := url.JoinPath(setting.AppURL, "/api/v1/activitypub/actor")
 	return path
 }
 
-func (u *User) IsAPActor() bool {
-	return u != nil && u.ID == APActorUserID
+func (u *User) IsAPServerActor() bool {
+	return u != nil && u.ID == APServerActorUserID
 }

models/user/user_test.go

@@ -139,9 +139,21 @@ func TestAPActorID(t *testing.T) {
 	user := user_model.User{ID: 1}
 	url := user.APActorID()
 	expected := "https://try.gitea.io/api/v1/activitypub/user-id/1"
-	if url != expected {
-		t.Errorf("unexpected APActorID, expected: %q, actual: %q", expected, url)
-	}
+	assert.Equal(t, expected, url)
+}
+
+func TestAPActorID_APActorID(t *testing.T) {
+	user := user_model.User{ID: user_model.APServerActorUserID}
+	url := user.APActorID()
+	expected := "https://try.gitea.io/api/v1/activitypub/actor"
+	assert.Equal(t, expected, url)
+}
+
+func TestAPActorKeyID(t *testing.T) {
+	user := user_model.User{ID: 1}
+	url := user.APActorKeyID()
+	expected := "https://try.gitea.io/api/v1/activitypub/user-id/1#main-key"
+	assert.Equal(t, expected, url)
 }
 
 func TestSearchUsers(t *testing.T) {