diff --git a/src/librustc_infer/infer/mod.rs b/src/librustc_infer/infer/mod.rs
index 9c81a115395..09a90516e91 100644
--- a/src/librustc_infer/infer/mod.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_infer/infer/mod.rs
@@ -1011,7 +1011,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> InferCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
         &self,
         cause: &ObligationCause<'tcx>,
         param_env: ty::ParamEnv<'tcx>,
-        predicate: &ty::PolySubtypePredicate<'tcx>,
+        predicate: ty::PolySubtypePredicate<'tcx>,
     ) -> Option<InferResult<'tcx, ()>> {
         // Subtle: it's ok to skip the binder here and resolve because
         // `shallow_resolve` just ignores anything that is not a type
@@ -1034,7 +1034,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> InferCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
 
         Some(self.commit_if_ok(|snapshot| {
             let (ty::SubtypePredicate { a_is_expected, a, b }, placeholder_map) =
-                self.replace_bound_vars_with_placeholders(predicate);
+                self.replace_bound_vars_with_placeholders(&predicate);
 
             let ok = self.at(cause, param_env).sub_exp(a_is_expected, a, b)?;
 
@@ -1047,11 +1047,11 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> InferCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
     pub fn region_outlives_predicate(
         &self,
         cause: &traits::ObligationCause<'tcx>,
-        predicate: &ty::PolyRegionOutlivesPredicate<'tcx>,
+        predicate: ty::PolyRegionOutlivesPredicate<'tcx>,
     ) -> UnitResult<'tcx> {
         self.commit_if_ok(|snapshot| {
             let (ty::OutlivesPredicate(r_a, r_b), placeholder_map) =
-                self.replace_bound_vars_with_placeholders(predicate);
+                self.replace_bound_vars_with_placeholders(&predicate);
             let origin = SubregionOrigin::from_obligation_cause(cause, || {
                 RelateRegionParamBound(cause.span)
             });
diff --git a/src/librustc_infer/infer/outlives/verify.rs b/src/librustc_infer/infer/outlives/verify.rs
index 5020dc4132c..cac1d2f050e 100644
--- a/src/librustc_infer/infer/outlives/verify.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_infer/infer/outlives/verify.rs
@@ -223,7 +223,8 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> VerifyBoundCx<'cx, 'tcx> {
         // like `T` and `T::Item`. It may not work as well for things
         // like `<T as Foo<'a>>::Item`.
         let c_b = self.param_env.caller_bounds;
-        let param_bounds = self.collect_outlives_from_predicate_list(&compare_ty, c_b.into_iter());
+        let param_bounds =
+            self.collect_outlives_from_predicate_list(&compare_ty, c_b.into_iter().copied());
 
         // Next, collect regions we scraped from the well-formedness
         // constraints in the fn signature. To do that, we walk the list
@@ -334,10 +335,10 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> VerifyBoundCx<'cx, 'tcx> {
     fn collect_outlives_from_predicate_list(
         &self,
         compare_ty: impl Fn(Ty<'tcx>) -> bool,
-        predicates: impl Iterator<Item = impl AsRef<ty::Predicate<'tcx>>>,
+        predicates: impl Iterator<Item = ty::Predicate<'tcx>>,
     ) -> impl Iterator<Item = ty::OutlivesPredicate<Ty<'tcx>, ty::Region<'tcx>>> {
         predicates
-            .filter_map(|p| p.as_ref().to_opt_type_outlives())
+            .filter_map(|p| p.to_opt_type_outlives())
             .filter_map(|p| p.no_bound_vars())
             .filter(move |p| compare_ty(p.0))
     }
diff --git a/src/librustc_infer/traits/util.rs b/src/librustc_infer/traits/util.rs
index 88fc1460475..03f20c13068 100644
--- a/src/librustc_infer/traits/util.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_infer/traits/util.rs
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ use rustc_span::Span;
 
 pub fn anonymize_predicate<'tcx>(
     tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
-    pred: &ty::Predicate<'tcx>,
+    pred: ty::Predicate<'tcx>,
 ) -> ty::Predicate<'tcx> {
     match pred.kind() {
         &ty::PredicateKind::Trait(ref data, constness) => {
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ impl PredicateSet<'tcx> {
         Self { tcx, set: Default::default() }
     }
 
-    fn insert(&mut self, pred: &ty::Predicate<'tcx>) -> bool {
+    fn insert(&mut self, pred: ty::Predicate<'tcx>) -> bool {
         // We have to be careful here because we want
         //
         //    for<'a> Foo<&'a int>
@@ -81,10 +81,10 @@ impl PredicateSet<'tcx> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<T: AsRef<ty::Predicate<'tcx>>> Extend<T> for PredicateSet<'tcx> {
-    fn extend<I: IntoIterator<Item = T>>(&mut self, iter: I) {
+impl Extend<ty::Predicate<'tcx>> for PredicateSet<'tcx> {
+    fn extend<I: IntoIterator<Item = ty::Predicate<'tcx>>>(&mut self, iter: I) {
         for pred in iter {
-            self.insert(pred.as_ref());
+            self.insert(pred);
         }
     }
 }
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ pub fn elaborate_obligations<'tcx>(
     mut obligations: Vec<PredicateObligation<'tcx>>,
 ) -> Elaborator<'tcx> {
     let mut visited = PredicateSet::new(tcx);
-    obligations.retain(|obligation| visited.insert(&obligation.predicate));
+    obligations.retain(|obligation| visited.insert(obligation.predicate));
     Elaborator { stack: obligations, visited }
 }
 
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ impl Elaborator<'tcx> {
                 // cases. One common case is when people define
                 // `trait Sized: Sized { }` rather than `trait Sized { }`.
                 let visited = &mut self.visited;
-                let obligations = obligations.filter(|o| visited.insert(&o.predicate));
+                let obligations = obligations.filter(|o| visited.insert(o.predicate));
 
                 self.stack.extend(obligations);
             }
@@ -260,7 +260,7 @@ impl Elaborator<'tcx> {
                             }
                         })
                         .map(|predicate_kind| predicate_kind.to_predicate(tcx))
-                        .filter(|predicate| visited.insert(predicate))
+                        .filter(|&predicate| visited.insert(predicate))
                         .map(|predicate| predicate_obligation(predicate, None)),
                 );
             }
diff --git a/src/librustc_middle/ty/mod.rs b/src/librustc_middle/ty/mod.rs
index 9e845668909..877784bc506 100644
--- a/src/librustc_middle/ty/mod.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_middle/ty/mod.rs
@@ -1094,12 +1094,6 @@ pub struct CratePredicatesMap<'tcx> {
     pub predicates: FxHashMap<DefId, &'tcx [(ty::Predicate<'tcx>, Span)]>,
 }
 
-impl<'tcx> AsRef<Predicate<'tcx>> for Predicate<'tcx> {
-    fn as_ref(&self) -> &Predicate<'tcx> {
-        self
-    }
-}
-
 impl<'tcx> Predicate<'tcx> {
     /// Performs a substitution suitable for going from a
     /// poly-trait-ref to supertraits that must hold if that
@@ -1214,17 +1208,17 @@ pub struct TraitPredicate<'tcx> {
 pub type PolyTraitPredicate<'tcx> = ty::Binder<TraitPredicate<'tcx>>;
 
 impl<'tcx> TraitPredicate<'tcx> {
-    pub fn def_id(&self) -> DefId {
+    pub fn def_id(self) -> DefId {
         self.trait_ref.def_id
     }
 
-    pub fn self_ty(&self) -> Ty<'tcx> {
+    pub fn self_ty(self) -> Ty<'tcx> {
         self.trait_ref.self_ty()
     }
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> PolyTraitPredicate<'tcx> {
-    pub fn def_id(&self) -> DefId {
+    pub fn def_id(self) -> DefId {
         // Ok to skip binder since trait `DefId` does not care about regions.
         self.skip_binder().def_id()
     }
diff --git a/src/librustc_trait_selection/traits/auto_trait.rs b/src/librustc_trait_selection/traits/auto_trait.rs
index 716cbce60dc..0d986e60ff4 100644
--- a/src/librustc_trait_selection/traits/auto_trait.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_trait_selection/traits/auto_trait.rs
@@ -768,12 +768,12 @@ impl AutoTraitFinder<'tcx> {
                         }
                     }
                 }
-                ty::PredicateKind::RegionOutlives(ref binder) => {
+                &ty::PredicateKind::RegionOutlives(binder) => {
                     if select.infcx().region_outlives_predicate(&dummy_cause, binder).is_err() {
                         return false;
                     }
                 }
-                ty::PredicateKind::TypeOutlives(ref binder) => {
+                &ty::PredicateKind::TypeOutlives(binder) => {
                     match (
                         binder.no_bound_vars(),
                         binder.map_bound_ref(|pred| pred.0).no_bound_vars(),
diff --git a/src/librustc_trait_selection/traits/error_reporting/mod.rs b/src/librustc_trait_selection/traits/error_reporting/mod.rs
index 2aef8aaf0e3..8d514b94c0f 100644
--- a/src/librustc_trait_selection/traits/error_reporting/mod.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_trait_selection/traits/error_reporting/mod.rs
@@ -146,9 +146,9 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> InferCtxtExt<'tcx> for InferCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
                             continue;
                         }
 
-                        if self.error_implies(&error2.predicate, &error.predicate)
+                        if self.error_implies(error2.predicate, error.predicate)
                             && !(error2.index >= error.index
-                                && self.error_implies(&error.predicate, &error2.predicate))
+                                && self.error_implies(error.predicate, error2.predicate))
                         {
                             info!("skipping {:?} (implied by {:?})", error, error2);
                             is_suppressed[index] = true;
@@ -500,7 +500,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> InferCtxtExt<'tcx> for InferCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
                     ty::PredicateKind::RegionOutlives(ref predicate) => {
                         let predicate = self.resolve_vars_if_possible(predicate);
                         let err = self
-                            .region_outlives_predicate(&obligation.cause, &predicate)
+                            .region_outlives_predicate(&obligation.cause, predicate)
                             .err()
                             .unwrap();
                         struct_span_err!(
@@ -955,7 +955,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> InferCtxtExt<'tcx> for InferCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
 trait InferCtxtPrivExt<'tcx> {
     // returns if `cond` not occurring implies that `error` does not occur - i.e., that
     // `error` occurring implies that `cond` occurs.
-    fn error_implies(&self, cond: &ty::Predicate<'tcx>, error: &ty::Predicate<'tcx>) -> bool;
+    fn error_implies(&self, cond: ty::Predicate<'tcx>, error: ty::Predicate<'tcx>) -> bool;
 
     fn report_fulfillment_error(
         &self,
@@ -1042,7 +1042,7 @@ trait InferCtxtPrivExt<'tcx> {
 impl<'a, 'tcx> InferCtxtPrivExt<'tcx> for InferCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
     // returns if `cond` not occurring implies that `error` does not occur - i.e., that
     // `error` occurring implies that `cond` occurs.
-    fn error_implies(&self, cond: &ty::Predicate<'tcx>, error: &ty::Predicate<'tcx>) -> bool {
+    fn error_implies(&self, cond: ty::Predicate<'tcx>, error: ty::Predicate<'tcx>) -> bool {
         if cond == error {
             return true;
         }
@@ -1055,7 +1055,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> InferCtxtPrivExt<'tcx> for InferCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
             }
         };
 
-        for obligation in super::elaborate_predicates(self.tcx, std::iter::once(*cond)) {
+        for obligation in super::elaborate_predicates(self.tcx, std::iter::once(cond)) {
             if let ty::PredicateKind::Trait(implication, _) = obligation.predicate.kind() {
                 let error = error.to_poly_trait_ref();
                 let implication = implication.to_poly_trait_ref();
diff --git a/src/librustc_trait_selection/traits/fulfill.rs b/src/librustc_trait_selection/traits/fulfill.rs
index e44163f7bb1..896c4ead2df 100644
--- a/src/librustc_trait_selection/traits/fulfill.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_trait_selection/traits/fulfill.rs
@@ -378,7 +378,7 @@ impl<'a, 'b, 'tcx> ObligationProcessor for FulfillProcessor<'a, 'b, 'tcx> {
                 }
             }
 
-            ty::PredicateKind::RegionOutlives(ref binder) => {
+            &ty::PredicateKind::RegionOutlives(binder) => {
                 match infcx.region_outlives_predicate(&obligation.cause, binder) {
                     Ok(()) => ProcessResult::Changed(vec![]),
                     Err(_) => ProcessResult::Error(CodeSelectionError(Unimplemented)),
@@ -481,7 +481,7 @@ impl<'a, 'b, 'tcx> ObligationProcessor for FulfillProcessor<'a, 'b, 'tcx> {
                 }
             }
 
-            ty::PredicateKind::Subtype(subtype) => {
+            &ty::PredicateKind::Subtype(subtype) => {
                 match self.selcx.infcx().subtype_predicate(
                     &obligation.cause,
                     obligation.param_env,
diff --git a/src/librustc_trait_selection/traits/project.rs b/src/librustc_trait_selection/traits/project.rs
index 914485fd408..72f089ae2a7 100644
--- a/src/librustc_trait_selection/traits/project.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_trait_selection/traits/project.rs
@@ -1541,14 +1541,14 @@ fn assoc_ty_def(
 crate trait ProjectionCacheKeyExt<'tcx>: Sized {
     fn from_poly_projection_predicate(
         selcx: &mut SelectionContext<'cx, 'tcx>,
-        predicate: &ty::PolyProjectionPredicate<'tcx>,
+        predicate: ty::PolyProjectionPredicate<'tcx>,
     ) -> Option<Self>;
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> ProjectionCacheKeyExt<'tcx> for ProjectionCacheKey<'tcx> {
     fn from_poly_projection_predicate(
         selcx: &mut SelectionContext<'cx, 'tcx>,
-        predicate: &ty::PolyProjectionPredicate<'tcx>,
+        predicate: ty::PolyProjectionPredicate<'tcx>,
     ) -> Option<Self> {
         let infcx = selcx.infcx();
         // We don't do cross-snapshot caching of obligations with escaping regions,
diff --git a/src/librustc_trait_selection/traits/select.rs b/src/librustc_trait_selection/traits/select.rs
index b402aba65cd..05402fe3c19 100644
--- a/src/librustc_trait_selection/traits/select.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_trait_selection/traits/select.rs
@@ -415,13 +415,13 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> SelectionContext<'cx, 'tcx> {
         }
 
         match obligation.predicate.kind() {
-            ty::PredicateKind::Trait(t, _) => {
+            &ty::PredicateKind::Trait(t, _) => {
                 debug_assert!(!t.has_escaping_bound_vars());
-                let obligation = obligation.with(*t);
+                let obligation = obligation.with(t);
                 self.evaluate_trait_predicate_recursively(previous_stack, obligation)
             }
 
-            ty::PredicateKind::Subtype(p) => {
+            &ty::PredicateKind::Subtype(p) => {
                 // Does this code ever run?
                 match self.infcx.subtype_predicate(&obligation.cause, obligation.param_env, p) {
                     Some(Ok(InferOk { mut obligations, .. })) => {
@@ -463,8 +463,8 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> SelectionContext<'cx, 'tcx> {
                 }
             }
 
-            ty::PredicateKind::Projection(data) => {
-                let project_obligation = obligation.with(*data);
+            &ty::PredicateKind::Projection(data) => {
+                let project_obligation = obligation.with(data);
                 match project::poly_project_and_unify_type(self, &project_obligation) {
                     Ok(Some(mut subobligations)) => {
                         self.add_depth(subobligations.iter_mut(), obligation.recursion_depth);
@@ -962,7 +962,7 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> SelectionContext<'cx, 'tcx> {
         debug_assert!(!stack.obligation.predicate.has_escaping_bound_vars());
 
         if let Some(c) =
-            self.check_candidate_cache(stack.obligation.param_env, &cache_fresh_trait_pred)
+            self.check_candidate_cache(stack.obligation.param_env, cache_fresh_trait_pred)
         {
             debug!("CACHE HIT: SELECT({:?})={:?}", cache_fresh_trait_pred, c);
             return c;
@@ -1247,7 +1247,7 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> SelectionContext<'cx, 'tcx> {
     fn check_candidate_cache(
         &mut self,
         param_env: ty::ParamEnv<'tcx>,
-        cache_fresh_trait_pred: &ty::PolyTraitPredicate<'tcx>,
+        cache_fresh_trait_pred: ty::PolyTraitPredicate<'tcx>,
     ) -> Option<SelectionResult<'tcx, SelectionCandidate<'tcx>>> {
         let tcx = self.tcx();
         let trait_ref = &cache_fresh_trait_pred.skip_binder().trait_ref;
diff --git a/src/librustc_trait_selection/traits/util.rs b/src/librustc_trait_selection/traits/util.rs
index f2d3f0e1116..f6f0c62c120 100644
--- a/src/librustc_trait_selection/traits/util.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_trait_selection/traits/util.rs
@@ -108,9 +108,9 @@ impl<'tcx> TraitAliasExpander<'tcx> {
         }
 
         // Don't recurse if this trait alias is already on the stack for the DFS search.
-        let anon_pred = anonymize_predicate(tcx, &pred);
+        let anon_pred = anonymize_predicate(tcx, pred);
         if item.path.iter().rev().skip(1).any(|(tr, _)| {
-            anonymize_predicate(tcx, &tr.without_const().to_predicate(tcx)) == anon_pred
+            anonymize_predicate(tcx, tr.without_const().to_predicate(tcx)) == anon_pred
         }) {
             return false;
         }
diff --git a/src/librustc_trait_selection/traits/wf.rs b/src/librustc_trait_selection/traits/wf.rs
index 5118859765e..714ca7a30cf 100644
--- a/src/librustc_trait_selection/traits/wf.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_trait_selection/traits/wf.rs
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ pub fn predicate_obligations<'a, 'tcx>(
     infcx: &InferCtxt<'a, 'tcx>,
     param_env: ty::ParamEnv<'tcx>,
     body_id: hir::HirId,
-    predicate: &ty::Predicate<'tcx>,
+    predicate: ty::Predicate<'tcx>,
     span: Span,
 ) -> Vec<traits::PredicateObligation<'tcx>> {
     let mut wf = WfPredicates { infcx, param_env, body_id, span, out: vec![], item: None };
diff --git a/src/librustc_typeck/check/closure.rs b/src/librustc_typeck/check/closure.rs
index f393121a0ad..e0a02ff8462 100644
--- a/src/librustc_typeck/check/closure.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_typeck/check/closure.rs
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
             ty::Dynamic(ref object_type, ..) => {
                 let sig = object_type.projection_bounds().find_map(|pb| {
                     let pb = pb.with_self_ty(self.tcx, self.tcx.types.trait_object_dummy_self);
-                    self.deduce_sig_from_projection(None, &pb)
+                    self.deduce_sig_from_projection(None, pb)
                 });
                 let kind = object_type
                     .principal_def_id()
@@ -206,8 +206,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
                     obligation.predicate
                 );
 
-                if let ty::PredicateKind::Projection(ref proj_predicate) =
-                    obligation.predicate.kind()
+                if let &ty::PredicateKind::Projection(proj_predicate) = obligation.predicate.kind()
                 {
                     // Given a Projection predicate, we can potentially infer
                     // the complete signature.
@@ -238,7 +237,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
     fn deduce_sig_from_projection(
         &self,
         cause_span: Option<Span>,
-        projection: &ty::PolyProjectionPredicate<'tcx>,
+        projection: ty::PolyProjectionPredicate<'tcx>,
     ) -> Option<ExpectedSig<'tcx>> {
         let tcx = self.tcx;
 
@@ -644,7 +643,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
         // where R is the return type we are expecting. This type `T`
         // will be our output.
         let output_ty = self.obligations_for_self_ty(ret_vid).find_map(|(_, obligation)| {
-            if let ty::PredicateKind::Projection(ref proj_predicate) = obligation.predicate.kind() {
+            if let &ty::PredicateKind::Projection(proj_predicate) = obligation.predicate.kind() {
                 self.deduce_future_output_from_projection(obligation.cause.span, proj_predicate)
             } else {
                 None
@@ -665,7 +664,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
     fn deduce_future_output_from_projection(
         &self,
         cause_span: Span,
-        predicate: &ty::PolyProjectionPredicate<'tcx>,
+        predicate: ty::PolyProjectionPredicate<'tcx>,
     ) -> Option<Ty<'tcx>> {
         debug!("deduce_future_output_from_projection(predicate={:?})", predicate);
 
diff --git a/src/librustc_typeck/check/dropck.rs b/src/librustc_typeck/check/dropck.rs
index 594cdab852f..8c658923f0c 100644
--- a/src/librustc_typeck/check/dropck.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_typeck/check/dropck.rs
@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ fn ensure_drop_predicates_are_implied_by_item_defn<'tcx>(
     // just to look for all the predicates directly.
 
     assert_eq!(dtor_predicates.parent, None);
-    for (predicate, predicate_sp) in dtor_predicates.predicates {
+    for &(predicate, predicate_sp) in dtor_predicates.predicates {
         // (We do not need to worry about deep analysis of type
         // expressions etc because the Drop impls are already forced
         // to take on a structure that is roughly an alpha-renaming of
@@ -228,7 +228,7 @@ fn ensure_drop_predicates_are_implied_by_item_defn<'tcx>(
         // This implementation solves (Issue #59497) and (Issue #58311).
         // It is unclear to me at the moment whether the approach based on `relate`
         // could be extended easily also to the other `Predicate`.
-        let predicate_matches_closure = |p: &'_ Predicate<'tcx>| {
+        let predicate_matches_closure = |p: Predicate<'tcx>| {
             let mut relator: SimpleEqRelation<'tcx> = SimpleEqRelation::new(tcx, self_param_env);
             match (predicate.kind(), p.kind()) {
                 (ty::PredicateKind::Trait(a, _), ty::PredicateKind::Trait(b, _)) => {
@@ -241,12 +241,12 @@ fn ensure_drop_predicates_are_implied_by_item_defn<'tcx>(
             }
         };
 
-        if !assumptions_in_impl_context.iter().any(predicate_matches_closure) {
+        if !assumptions_in_impl_context.iter().copied().any(predicate_matches_closure) {
             let item_span = tcx.hir().span(self_type_hir_id);
             let self_descr = tcx.def_kind(self_type_did).descr(self_type_did.to_def_id());
             struct_span_err!(
                 tcx.sess,
-                *predicate_sp,
+                predicate_sp,
                 E0367,
                 "`Drop` impl requires `{}` but the {} it is implemented for does not",
                 predicate,
diff --git a/src/librustc_typeck/check/wfcheck.rs b/src/librustc_typeck/check/wfcheck.rs
index d5db613d9dc..06e2d99983b 100644
--- a/src/librustc_typeck/check/wfcheck.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_typeck/check/wfcheck.rs
@@ -819,8 +819,8 @@ fn check_where_clauses<'tcx, 'fcx>(
     debug!("check_where_clauses: predicates={:?}", predicates.predicates);
     assert_eq!(predicates.predicates.len(), predicates.spans.len());
     let wf_obligations =
-        predicates.predicates.iter().zip(predicates.spans.iter()).flat_map(|(p, sp)| {
-            traits::wf::predicate_obligations(fcx, fcx.param_env, fcx.body_id, p, *sp)
+        predicates.predicates.iter().zip(predicates.spans.iter()).flat_map(|(&p, &sp)| {
+            traits::wf::predicate_obligations(fcx, fcx.param_env, fcx.body_id, p, sp)
         });
 
     for obligation in wf_obligations.chain(default_obligations) {
diff --git a/src/librustc_typeck/impl_wf_check/min_specialization.rs b/src/librustc_typeck/impl_wf_check/min_specialization.rs
index d30dc1b7a47..b262ccf913a 100644
--- a/src/librustc_typeck/impl_wf_check/min_specialization.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_typeck/impl_wf_check/min_specialization.rs
@@ -329,16 +329,13 @@ fn check_predicates<'tcx>(
     // which is sound because we forbid impls like the following
     //
     // impl<D: Debug> AlwaysApplicable for D { }
-    let always_applicable_traits = impl1_predicates
-        .predicates
-        .iter()
-        .filter(|predicate| {
+    let always_applicable_traits =
+        impl1_predicates.predicates.iter().copied().filter(|&predicate| {
             matches!(
                 trait_predicate_kind(tcx, predicate),
                 Some(TraitSpecializationKind::AlwaysApplicable)
             )
-        })
-        .copied();
+        });
 
     // Include the well-formed predicates of the type parameters of the impl.
     for ty in tcx.impl_trait_ref(impl1_def_id).unwrap().substs.types() {
@@ -361,12 +358,12 @@ fn check_predicates<'tcx>(
 
     for predicate in impl1_predicates.predicates {
         if !impl2_predicates.predicates.contains(&predicate) {
-            check_specialization_on(tcx, &predicate, span)
+            check_specialization_on(tcx, predicate, span)
         }
     }
 }
 
-fn check_specialization_on<'tcx>(tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, predicate: &ty::Predicate<'tcx>, span: Span) {
+fn check_specialization_on<'tcx>(tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, predicate: ty::Predicate<'tcx>, span: Span) {
     debug!("can_specialize_on(predicate = {:?})", predicate);
     match predicate.kind() {
         // Global predicates are either always true or always false, so we
@@ -399,7 +396,7 @@ fn check_specialization_on<'tcx>(tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, predicate: &ty::Predicate<'t
 
 fn trait_predicate_kind<'tcx>(
     tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
-    predicate: &ty::Predicate<'tcx>,
+    predicate: ty::Predicate<'tcx>,
 ) -> Option<TraitSpecializationKind> {
     match predicate.kind() {
         ty::PredicateKind::Trait(pred, hir::Constness::NotConst) => {